RETRACTED: Chou et al. Muscle Damage and Performance After Single and Multiple Simulated Matches in University Elite Female Soccer Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4134

Chou, Tai-Ying; Nosaka, Kazunori; Chen, Trevor C.

doi:10.3390/ijerph22121821

Open AccessRetraction

RETRACTED: Chou et al. Muscle Damage and Performance After Single and Multiple Simulated Matches in University Elite Female Soccer Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4134

by

Tai-Ying Chou

^1,2,

Kazunori Nosaka

³

and

Trevor C. Chen

^2,*

¹

Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan

²

Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan

³

Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(12), 1821; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22121821

Submission received: 2 December 2025 / Accepted: 4 December 2025 / Published: 5 December 2025

Download Versions Notes

The journal retracts the article titled “Muscle Damage and Performance after Single and Multiple Simulated Matches in University Elite Female Soccer Players” [1], cited above.

Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding potential irregularities in the research protocol and informed consent information presented in this publication [1].

Adhering to our standard procedure, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and Editorial Board, with input from the National Taiwan Normal University, that confirmed that this study does not adhere to MDPI’s Research Involving Human Subjects policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark9). As a result, the Editorial Board has decided to retract this publication [1], as per MDPI’s retraction policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark30).

This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.

Tai-Ying Chou did not provide a comment on this decision. Kazunori Nosaka and Trevor C. Chen agreed to this retraction.

Reference

Chou, T.-Y.; Nosaka, K.; Chen, T.C. RETRACTED: Muscle Damage and Performance after Single and Multiple Simulated Matches in University Elite Female Soccer Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chou, T.-Y.; Nosaka, K.; Chen, T.C. RETRACTED: Chou et al. Muscle Damage and Performance After Single and Multiple Simulated Matches in University Elite Female Soccer Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4134. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 1821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22121821

AMA Style

Chou T-Y, Nosaka K, Chen TC. RETRACTED: Chou et al. Muscle Damage and Performance After Single and Multiple Simulated Matches in University Elite Female Soccer Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4134. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(12):1821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22121821

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chou, Tai-Ying, Kazunori Nosaka, and Trevor C. Chen. 2025. "RETRACTED: Chou et al. Muscle Damage and Performance After Single and Multiple Simulated Matches in University Elite Female Soccer Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4134" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 12: 1821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22121821

APA Style

Chou, T.-Y., Nosaka, K., & Chen, T. C. (2025). RETRACTED: Chou et al. Muscle Damage and Performance After Single and Multiple Simulated Matches in University Elite Female Soccer Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4134. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(12), 1821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22121821

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RETRACTED: Chou et al. Muscle Damage and Performance After Single and Multiple Simulated Matches in University Elite Female Soccer Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4134

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