The Association Between Adult Attachment Patterns, Attachment to Group and Mental Health in Israel Following the October 7th Attack: The Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Attachment Behavioral System
1.2. Attachment Patterns, Emotion Regulation Strategies, and Reaction to Stressful Events
1.3. Attachment to Groups
1.4. Overview and Predictions
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Questionnaires
2.2.1. Mental Health
2.2.2. Romantic Attachment
2.2.3. Group Attachment
2.2.4. Emotion Regulation Strategies
2.3. Ethics Statement
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Univariate Analyses
3.2. Multivariate Analyses
3.2.1. Attachment Anxiety and Mental Health
3.2.2. Attachment Avoidance and Mental Health
3.3. Attachment to Group (to Israel)
4. Discussion
4.1. Clinical Implications
4.2. Limitations and Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Attachment Anxiety | – | ||||||
2. Attachment Avoidance | 0.34 *** | – | |||||
3. Attachment to Group (to Israel) | −0.19 *** | −0.15 ** | – | ||||
4. Emotion-focused | 0.52 *** | 0.21 *** | −0.16 *** | – | |||
5. Task-focused | −0.17 *** | −0.22 *** | 0.13 ** | −0.14 ** | – | ||
6. Distance-focused | 0.06 | −0.26 *** | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.17 *** | – | |
7. Mental Health | −0.23 *** | 0.01 | 0.29 *** | −0.31 *** | 0.15 *** | −0.06 | |
Mean | 3.43 | 2.58 | 4.26 | 3.73 | 4.73 | 4.14 | 3.06 |
Standard Deviation | 1.26 | 1.06 | 1.31 | 1.30 | 1.08 | 1.13 | 1.28 |
Skewness | 0.17 | 0.32 | 0.14 | 0.30 | −0.39 | −0.00 | 0.72 |
Kurtosis | −0.33 | −0.68 | −0.53 | −0.33 | 0.49 | −0.36 | 0.28 |
Estimates | Bootstrap | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC Confidence | ||||||||||
Effect | β | SE | t | p< | SE | Bias | SE-Bias | Lower | Upper | p |
Associations with Mediators | ||||||||||
Attachment Anxiety → Emotion-focused | 0.52 | 0.042 | 12.62 | 0.0001 | 0.046 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.444 | 0.624 | 0.0001 |
Attachment Anxiety → Task-focused | −0.17 | 0.041 | −3.48 | 0.0001 | 0.051 | 0.001 | 0.001 | −0.237 | −0.040 | 0.007 |
Attachment Anxiety → Distance-focused | 0.06 | 0.043 | 1.33 | ns | 0.046 | 0.000 | 0.001 | −0.033 | 0.147 | 0.205 |
Associations with Outcome | ||||||||||
Attachment Anxiety → Mental Health (Direct) | −0.08 | 0.054 | −1.57 | ns | 0.055 | 0.002 | 0.001 | −0.190 | 0.027 | 0.138 |
Emotion-focused → Mental Health | −0.24 | 0.052 | −4.56 | 0.0001 | 0.055 | −0.002 | 0.001 | −0.344 | −0.130 | 0.0001 |
Task-focused → Mental Health | 0.12 | 0.055 | 2.45 | 0.02 | 0.060 | −0.002 | 0.001 | 0.019 | 0.254 | 0.025 |
Distance-focused→ Mental Health | −0.05 | 0.052 | 0.24 | ns | 0.055 | −0.002 | 0.001 | −0.172 | 0.042 | 0.255 |
Indirect effect | 0.032 | −0.215 | −0.091 | 0.0001 |
Estimates | Bootstrap | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC Confidence | ||||||||||
Effect | β | SE | t | p< | SE | Bias | SE-Bias | Lower | Upper | p |
Associations with Mediators | ||||||||||
Attachment Avoidance → Emotion-focused | 0.21 | 0.058 | 4.46 | 0.0001 | 0.061 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.137 | 0.380 | 0.0001 |
Attachment Avoidance → Task-focused | −0.22 | 0.048 | −4.71 | 0.0001 | 0.048 | 0.000 | 0.001 | −0.310 | −0.129 | 0.0001 |
Attachment Avoidance → Distance-focused | −0.26 | 0.050 | −5.52 | 0.0001 | 0.051 | −0.001 | 0.001 | −0.375 | −0.177 | 0.0001 |
Associations with Outcome | ||||||||||
Attachment Avoidance → Mental Health (Direct) | 0.11 | 0.059 | 2.07 | 0.04 | 0.063 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.245 | 0.049 |
Emotion-focused → Mental Health | −0.31 | 0.046 | −6.50 | 0.0001 | 0.052 | −0.001 | 0.001 | −0.400 | −0.197 | 0.0001 |
Task-focused → Mental Health | 0.14 | 0.056 | 2.95 | 0.01 | 0.063 | −0.001 | 0.001 | 0.040 | 0.287 | 0.010 |
Distance-focused→ Mental Health | −0.03 | 0.054 | −0.67 | ns | 0.057 | −0.001 | 0.001 | −0.151 | 0.073 | 0.511 |
Indirect effect | 0.036 | −0.178 | −0.038 | 0.001 |
Estimates | Bootstrap | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC Confidence | ||||||||||
Effect | β | SE | t | p< | SE | Bias | SE-Bias | Lower | Upper | p |
Associations with Mediators | ||||||||||
Attachment to Group (to Israel) → Emotion-focused | −0.16 | 0.047 | −3.46 | 0.0001 | 0.049 | 0.000 | 0.001 | −0.256 | −0.066 | 0.001 |
Attachment to Group (to Israel) → Task-focused | 0.13 | 0.039 | 2.61 | 0.01 | 0.039 | −0.001 | 0.001 | 0.025 | 0.180 | 0.009 |
Attachment to Group (to Israel) → Distance-focused | 0.00 | 0.042 | 0.17 | ns | 0.043 | −0.001 | 0.001 | −0.079 | 0.091 | 0.88 |
Associations with Outcome | ||||||||||
Attachment to Group (to Israel) → Mental Health (Direct) | 0.23 | 0.044 | 5.20 | 0.0001 | 0.046 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.136 | 0.318 | 0.0001 |
Emotion-focused → Mental Health | −0.25 | 0.044 | −5.51 | 0.0001 | 0.048 | −0.001 | 0.001 | −0.337 | −0.150 | 0.0001 |
Task-focused → Mental Health | 0.10 | 0.054 | 2.18 | 0.03 | 0.059 | −0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.231 | 0.048 |
Distance-focused → Mental Health | −0.06 | 0.051 | 0.20 | ns | 0.054 | −0.001 | 0.001 | −0.173 | 0.036 | 0.219 |
Indirect effect | 0.017 | 0.020 | 0.088 | 0.0001 |
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Alfasi, Y.; Besser, A. The Association Between Adult Attachment Patterns, Attachment to Group and Mental Health in Israel Following the October 7th Attack: The Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111443
Alfasi Y, Besser A. The Association Between Adult Attachment Patterns, Attachment to Group and Mental Health in Israel Following the October 7th Attack: The Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(11):1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111443
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfasi, Yitshak, and Avi Besser. 2024. "The Association Between Adult Attachment Patterns, Attachment to Group and Mental Health in Israel Following the October 7th Attack: The Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 11: 1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111443