Energy Expenditure of Disaster Relief Operations Estimated Using a Tri-Axial Accelerometer and a Wearable Heart Rate Monitor
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Approach
2.2. Survey Target Training and Participants
2.3. Procedures and Instrumentation
2.3.1. Study Design
2.3.2. Placement of Tri-Axial Accelerometer and Wearable Heartrate Monitor
2.3.3. Accelerometer
2.3.4. Wearable Heartrate Monitor
2.3.5. Estimation Formula
Calculation of Energy Expenditure during Disaster Relief Operations
2.3.6. Activity Log
2.3.7. Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Survey Respondents
3.2. Details of the Activities each Activity Group
3.3. Energy Expenditure by Type of Activity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number of Respondents | Age (Years) | Height (cm) | Body Weight (kg) | BMI *1 | Basal Metabolic Rate (kcal) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall (n = 28 *2) MEAN ± SD | 34.0 ± 7.4 | 173.4 ± 5.4 | 68.7 ± 5.6 | 22.9 ± 1.5 | 1544 ± 89 |
Number | Activity | METs | Activity Time (min) |
---|---|---|---|
Group 1 (N = 5) | Rescue activity training in a gas leak accident | 5.3(±1.4) | 360 |
Search activity | 4.8 (±1.0) | 30 | |
Rescue training in a collapsed building | 4.3 (±1.0) | 150 | |
Subtotal | 540 | ||
Group 2 (N = 4) | Rescue activity training in a gas leak accident | 6.2(±0.3) | 210 |
Rescue training in a collapsed building | 4.9 (±0.7) | 150 | |
Subtotal | 360 | ||
Group 3 (N = 5) | Rescue activity training in a skyscraper | 7.0 (±1.1) | 120 |
General rescue activity | 6.0 (±0.4) | 60 | |
General firefighting | 5.1 (±0.6) | 120 | |
Subtotal | 300 | ||
Group 4 (N = 5) | Rescue activity training in a skyscraper | 6.9 (±1.0) | 150 |
General rescue activity | 6.0(±0.9) | 60 | |
Search activity | 5.0(±1.8) | 30 | |
Subtotal | 240 | ||
Group 5 (N = 5) | Excavation rescue search activity | 5.5 (±1.8) | 90 |
Rescue training from vehicles | 4.7(±1.5) | 120 | |
Rescue training in a collapsed building | 5.0 (±4.4) | 60 | |
Rescuer transport | 4.8 (±1.4) | 60 | |
Subtotal | 330 | ||
Group 6 (N = 4) | Excavation rescue search activity | 6.0 (±1.1) | 210 |
Tunnel accident rescue activity | 5.6 (±1.4) | 240 | |
Subtotal | 450 |
Activity Type | N | Average AC/HR METs | Min. | Max. | Reference Data of Energy Expenditure per Hour (kcal) (Adult Males Average of 71 kg *1 Excluding Resting Metabolism *2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rescue from a Small Place | 14 | 4.5 (±1.2) | 3.1 | 7.4 | 249 |
Rescue from the Vehicle | 5 | 4.7 (±1.5) | 3.6 | 7.3 | 263 |
Rescue Personnel Transportation | 5 | 4.8 (±1.4) | 3.1 | 6.9 | 270 |
Search Activities | 10 | 4.9 (±1.3) | 2.2 | 6.9 | 277 |
Fire Fighting Activities | 5 | 5.1 (±0.6) | 4.1 | 5.7 | 291 |
Gas-related Accidents | 14 | 5.6 (±1.3) | 3.1 | 8.1 | 327 |
Excavation Activities | 9 | 5.7 (±1.4) | 3.9 | 7.6 | 334 |
Rescue Operations | 10 | 6.0 (±0.7) | 5.0 | 6.9 | 355 |
Tunnel Collapse Accident | 4 | 6.0 (±1.1) | 4.7 | 7.2 | 355 |
Rescue from a High Ground (e.g., up and down the stairs) | 20 | 6.9 (±1.0) | 4.7 | 8.0 | 419 |
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Koizumi, N.; Ogata, H.; Negishi, Y.; Nagayama, H.; Kaneko, M.; Kiyono, K.; Omi, N. Energy Expenditure of Disaster Relief Operations Estimated Using a Tri-Axial Accelerometer and a Wearable Heart Rate Monitor. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5742. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095742
Koizumi N, Ogata H, Negishi Y, Nagayama H, Kaneko M, Kiyono K, Omi N. Energy Expenditure of Disaster Relief Operations Estimated Using a Tri-Axial Accelerometer and a Wearable Heart Rate Monitor. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(9):5742. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095742
Chicago/Turabian StyleKoizumi, Nao, Hitomi Ogata, Yutaro Negishi, Hisashi Nagayama, Miki Kaneko, Ken Kiyono, and Naomi Omi. 2023. "Energy Expenditure of Disaster Relief Operations Estimated Using a Tri-Axial Accelerometer and a Wearable Heart Rate Monitor" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 9: 5742. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095742