Sleep Debt Mediates the Relationship between Work-Related Social Factors, Presenteeism, and Well-Being in Japanese Workers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Procedures and Participants
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All Workers (N = 1398) | Full-Time Workers (N = 872) | Part-Time Workers (N = 526) | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender, n (%) | |||
Male | 660 (47.2) | 347 (39.8) | 384 (73.0) |
Female | 731 (52.3) | 520 (59.6) | 140 (26.6) |
Other | 7 (0.5) | 5 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) |
Marital status, n (%) | |||
Single | 641 (45.9) | 407 (46.7) | 234 (44.5) |
Married | 757 (54.1) | 465 (53.3) | 292 (55.5) |
Occupation, n (%) | |||
Administrative and managerial | 101 (7.2) | 98 (11.2) | 3 (0.6) |
Professional and engineering | 266 (19.0) | 217 (24.9) | 49 (9.3) |
Clerical | 379 (27.1) | 261(29.9) | 118 (22.4) |
Sales | 112 (8.0) | 46 (5.3) | 66 (12.5) |
Service | 210 (15.0) | 91 (10.4) | 119 (22.6) |
Security | 16 (1.1) | 14 (1.6) | 2 (0.4) |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishery | 12 (0.9) | 5 (0.6) | 7 (1.3) |
Manufacturing process | 107 (7.7) | 63 (7.2) | 44 (8.4) |
Transport and machine operation | 25 (1.8) | 17 (1.9) | 8 (1.5) |
Construction and mining | 18 (1.3) | 16 (1.8) | 2 (0.4) |
Carrying, cleaning, and packaging | 47 (3.4) | 9 (1.0) | 38 (7.2) |
Workers not classified by occupation | 105 (7.5) | 35 (4.0) | 70 (13.3) |
All Workers (N = 1398) | Full-Time Workers (N = 872) | Part-Time Workers (N = 526) | Hedges’ g [95% CI] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||
Age (years) | 46.09 | 12.72 | 44.65 | 12.37 | 48.47 | 12.93 | −0.30 [−0.41, −0.19] |
Workdays per week | 4.92 | 0.70 | 5.15 | 0.48 | 4.56 | 0.83 | 0.93 [0.82, 1.04] |
Working hours per week (h) | 29.68 | 13.66 | 34.44 | 16.47 | 21.78 | 13.66 | 0.82 [0.71, 0.93] |
Commuting time per week (h) | 4.87 | 4.14 | 5.62 | 4.35 | 3.62 | 3.41 | 0.50 [0.39, 0.61] |
SDI (h) | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.11 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.11 | 0.09 [−0.02, 0.20] |
WHO-HPQ score | 59.94 | 18.82 | 59.07 | 18.35 | 61.37 | 19.50 | −0.12 [−0.23, −0.01] |
PWBS score | 89.52 | 16.44 | 90.32 | 15.99 | 88.18 | 17.10 | 0.13 [0.02, 0.24] |
Worktime | Workday | Commuting Time | Sleep Debt | Presenteeism | Well-Being | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Worktime | 1 | 0.20 [0.14, 0.26] | 0.05 [−0.01, 0.12] | 0.01 [−0.06, 0.07] | −0.05 [−0.11, 0.02] | −0.02 [−0.09, 0.05] |
Workday | 0.31 [0.23, 0.38] | 1 | −0.02 [−0.08, 0.05] | 0.04 [−0.03, 0.10] | −0.01 [−0.07, 0.06] | 0.00 [−0.07, 0.07] |
Commuting time | 0.18 [0.10, 0.26] | 0.24 [0.16, 0.32] | 1 | 0.09 [0.02, 0.15] | −0.05 [−0.12, 0.01] | −0.04 [−0.11, 0.03] |
Sleep debt | 0.02 [−0.07, 0.11] | 0.11 [0.02, 0.19] | 0.07 [−0.02, 0.15] | 1 | −0.17 [−0.23, −0.11] | −0.14 [−0.20, −0.07] |
Presenteeism | −0.10 [−0.18, −0.01] | −0.09 [−0.17, 0.00] | −0.08 [−0.16, 0.01] | −0.16 [−0.24, −0.08] | 1 | 0.41 [0.35, 0.46] |
Well-being | −0.16 [−0.24, −0.08] | −0.05 [−0.13, 0.04] | −0.03 [−0.12, 0.06] | −0.15 [−0.24, −0.07] | 0.46 [0.39, 0.53] | 1 |
Worktime | → | Sleep Debt | Sleep Debt → Presenteeism | Sleep Debt → Well-Being | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Workday | → | Sleep Debt | |||||||
Commuting Time | → | Sleep Debt | |||||||
Group | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE | |||
All workers | −0.001 | 0.002 | −0.013 | −2.954 | 0.461 | −0.169 *** | −2.133 | 0.405 | −0.140 *** |
0.111 | 0.044 | 0.072 ** | |||||||
0.020 | 0.007 | 0.077 ** | |||||||
Full-time workers | −0.000 | 0.002 | −0.006 | −2.980 | 0.581 | −0.171 *** | −2.051 | 0.509 | −0.135 *** |
0.082 | 0.075 | 0.038 | |||||||
0.022 | 0.008 | 0.090 ** | |||||||
Part-time workers | −0.002 | 0.004 | −0.020 | −2.817 | 0.758 | −0.160 *** | −2.369 | 0.665 | −0.153 *** |
0.136 | 0.062 | 0.102 * | |||||||
0.015 | 0.015 | 0.045 |
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Takano, Y.; Iwano, S.; Ando, T.; Okajima, I. Sleep Debt Mediates the Relationship between Work-Related Social Factors, Presenteeism, and Well-Being in Japanese Workers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075310
Takano Y, Iwano S, Ando T, Okajima I. Sleep Debt Mediates the Relationship between Work-Related Social Factors, Presenteeism, and Well-Being in Japanese Workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(7):5310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075310
Chicago/Turabian StyleTakano, Yuta, Suguru Iwano, Takeshi Ando, and Isa Okajima. 2023. "Sleep Debt Mediates the Relationship between Work-Related Social Factors, Presenteeism, and Well-Being in Japanese Workers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 7: 5310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075310
APA StyleTakano, Y., Iwano, S., Ando, T., & Okajima, I. (2023). Sleep Debt Mediates the Relationship between Work-Related Social Factors, Presenteeism, and Well-Being in Japanese Workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075310