Lessons Learned—The Impact of the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic on German Waldorf Parents’ Support Needs and Their Rating of Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sample
2.2. Study Instruments
2.3. Outcome Parameters
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population
3.2. Support Needs of Parents
3.3. HRQoL of Children
3.4. Teaching during the Third Wave
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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COPSY Sample | Waldorf Sample | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Wave (n = 1586) [20] | 2nd Wave (n = 1923) [21] | 3rd Wave (n = 2097) [4] | 3rd Wave (n = 431 Parents, n = 511 Children) | 3rd Wave: Waldorf vs. COPSY Sample | ||
Children | n (%)/M ± SD | Cohen’s d/Cramér’s V | ||||
Age, in years a | - | 12.25 ± 3.30 | 12.67 ± 3.29 | 13.21 ± 3.30 | 11.66 ± 2.97 | 0.49 |
Gender | Male | 791 (49.9) | 964 (50.1) | 1030 (49.1) | 240 (47.0) | 0.11 |
Female | 793 (50.0) | 956 (49.7) | 1055 (50.3) | 257 (50.3) | ||
Diverse | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 10 (0.5) | 7 (1.4) | ||
No answer | 1 (0.1) | - | - | 7 (1.4) | ||
BMI percentile b | - | - | - | - | 44.68 ± 30.01 | - |
Migration background | No | 1332 (84.0) | 1608 (83.6) | 1741 (83.0) | 474 (92.8) | 0.19 |
Yes | 254 (16.0) | 315 (16.4) | 356 (17.0) | 26 (5.1) | ||
No answer | - | - | - | 11 (2.2) | ||
Parents | ||||||
Age c | - | 43.99 ± 7.36 | 44.05 ± 7.35 | 44.41 ± 7.44 | 46.25 ± 6.68 | 0.26 |
Number of children d | - | - | - | - | 1.65 ± 0.78 | - |
Marital status | Single | 140 (8.8) | - | - | 24 (5.6) | - |
Married | 1097 (69.2) | - | - | 326 (75.6) | ||
In a registered partnership | 13 (0.8) | - | - | 2 (0.5) | ||
In a committed relationship | 216 (13.6) | - | - | 27 (6.3) | ||
Divorced | 108 (6.8) | - | - | 40 (9.3) | ||
Widowed | 12 (0.8) | - | - | 6 (1.4) | ||
No answer | - | - | - | 6 (1.4) | ||
Education e | Higher education entrance qualification/Abitur | - | - | - | 596 (69.1) | - |
Advanced technical college certificate | - | - | - | 125 (14.5) | ||
General certificate of secondary education | - | - | - | 92 (10.9) | ||
Certificate of secondary education | - | - | - | 34 (3.9) | ||
No school leaving certificate | - | - | - | 4 (0.5) | ||
No answer | - | - | - | 9 (1.0) | ||
Occupation e | Full-time employed | 820 (51.7) | 990 (51.5) | 1069 (51.0) | 313 (36.3) | 0.33 |
Part-time employed | 453 (28.6) | 555 (28.9) | 616 (29.4) | 234 (27.1) | ||
Self-employed | 67 (4.2) | 78 (4.1) | 81 (3.9) | 185 (21.5) | ||
Other employment | 32 (2.0) | 34 (1.8) | 40 (1.9) | 30 (3.5) | ||
Housewife, househusband | 109 (6.9) | 130 (6.8) | 142 (6.8) | 41 (4.8) | ||
On parental leave | 29 (1.8) | 26 (1.4) | 31 (1.5) | 16 (1.9) | ||
Unemployed | 42 (2.6) | 68 (3.5) | 66 (3.1) | 12 (1.4) | ||
Retiree/pensioner | 34 (2.1) | 42 (2.2) | 52 (2.5) | 10 (1.2) | ||
No answer | - | - | - | 21 (2.4) |
COPSY Sample | Waldorf Sample | |||
Answer Options | 1st Wave | 2nd Wave (n = 1625) | 3rd Wave (n = 1618) | 3rd Wave (n = 394) |
Yes | 63.0% | 58.7% (n = 953) | 59.9% (n = 968) | 70.8% (n = 279) |
…always | - | 3.6% (n = 58) | 3.2% (n = 52) | 9.9% (n = 39) |
…rather often | - | 9.4% (n = 153) | 7.0% (n = 113) | 15.7% (n = 62) |
…occasionally | - | 45.7% (n = 742) | 49.7% (n = 803) | 45.2% (n = 178) |
Never | 37.0% | 41.3% (n = 671) | 40.1% (n = 650) | 29.2% (n = 115) |
Split | Response Rate | Dealing with the Relationships within the Family | Dealing with the Child’s Emotions and Moods | Dealing with the Child’s Behavior | Return of the Child from Isolation | Dealing with the Child’s Academic Demands | Fisher. p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Access to a garden or terrace | Yes | 223/350 (63.7%) | 71 (31.8%) | 110 (49.3%) | 84 (37.7%) | 60 (26.9%) | 152 (68.2%) | 0.954 |
No | 34/48 (70.8%) | 12 (35.3%) | 16 (47.1%) | 16 (47.1%) | 9 (26.5%) | 23 (67.7%) | ||
Number of persons in the household | ≥4 | 195/293 (66.6%) | 69 (35.4%) | 98 (50.3%) | 84 (43.1%) | 48 (24.6%) | 128 (65.6%) | 0.066 |
<4 | 63/109 (57.8%) | 14 (22.2%) | 28 (44.4%) | 16 (25.4%) | 22 (34.9%) | 47 (74.6%) | ||
Number of rooms in the house/apartment | ≥5 | 155/243 (63.8%) | 51 (32.9%) | 74 (47.8%) | 57 (36.8%) | 42 (27.1%) | 102 (65.8%) | 0.987 |
<5 | 101/154 (65.6%) | 32 (31.7%) | 50 (49.5%) | 42 (41.6%) | 27 (26.7%) | 71 (70.3%) | ||
Number of children aged between 7 and 17 years | >1 child | 121/181 (66.9%) | 36 (29.8%) | 57 (47.1%) | 48 (39.7%) | 31 (25.6%) | 84 (69.4%) | 0.944 |
1 child | 137/220 (62.3%) | 47 (34.3%) | 69 (50.4%) | 52 (37.96%) | 39 (28.5%) | 91 (66.4%) |
COPSY Sample | Waldorf Sample | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Wave 1 | Wave 2 | Wave 3 | Wave 3 | |
n | 1586 | 1625 | 1618 | 413 |
M ± SD | 41.70 ± 9.69 | 41.24 ± 10.33 | 46.09 ± 11.19 | 47.33 ± 11.91 |
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Vagedes, J.; Michael, K.; Sobh, M.; Islam, M.O.A.; Kuderer, S.; Jeske, C.; Kaman, A.; Martin, D.; Vagedes, K.; Erhart, M.; et al. Lessons Learned—The Impact of the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic on German Waldorf Parents’ Support Needs and Their Rating of Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 4756. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064756
Vagedes J, Michael K, Sobh M, Islam MOA, Kuderer S, Jeske C, Kaman A, Martin D, Vagedes K, Erhart M, et al. Lessons Learned—The Impact of the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic on German Waldorf Parents’ Support Needs and Their Rating of Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(6):4756. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064756
Chicago/Turabian StyleVagedes, Jan, Karin Michael, Mohsen Sobh, Mohammad O. A. Islam, Silja Kuderer, Christian Jeske, Anne Kaman, David Martin, Katrin Vagedes, Michael Erhart, and et al. 2023. "Lessons Learned—The Impact of the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic on German Waldorf Parents’ Support Needs and Their Rating of Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6: 4756. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064756
APA StyleVagedes, J., Michael, K., Sobh, M., Islam, M. O. A., Kuderer, S., Jeske, C., Kaman, A., Martin, D., Vagedes, K., Erhart, M., Ravens-Sieberer, U., & Zdražil, T. (2023). Lessons Learned—The Impact of the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic on German Waldorf Parents’ Support Needs and Their Rating of Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6), 4756. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064756