Migration of BPA from Food Packaging and Household Products on the Croatian Market
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents and Materials
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Sample Preparation
2.4. Chromatographic Analysis and Instrumentation
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Validation Parameters | Experimental Data | Acceptance Criteria of Validation Parameters |
---|---|---|
Linearity | k = 0.99998 | k ≥ 0.999 |
Recovery | 95.2% | 100 ± 5% |
Precision: | ||
Repeatability of sample preparation (RSD) | 4.00% | RSD * ≤ 5% |
Intermediate precision (RSD) | 4.56% | RSD * ≤ 5% |
Limit of quantification | 0.005 mg kg−1 | 10× < MAC ** |
Limit of detection | 0.002 mg kg−1 | 25× < MAC ** |
Material/Coating/Declaration Claim | Sample Description | Migration Time/Temp | BPA Migration (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|
Tritan coplyester and PP, BPA and DEHP free | Shaker shieldmixer (700 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Breast milk bag (100 mL) | 10 days/20 °C | <LOQ |
Inner side of lid with PE phenol and organosol | Metal lid with gasket (100) (ID: 4 cm) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
coating, BPA n.i., PVC coating of gasket | Metal lid 2 (100) (ID: 4 cm) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
epoxy and PE coating | Bottle for water (600 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
Cellulose bioplastics | Cup (200 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Welded tin can (100 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Ceramic mug with silicone lid (100 mL) | 2 h/70 °C | <LOQ |
PVC coating of gasket | Metal lid with gasket 1(100 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
PVC coating of gasket | Metal lid with gasket 2 (100 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
Polymer coating (unknown material) | Beer tin can 1 (500 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Pizza stopper (100 mL) | 2 h/70 °C | <LOQ |
PC and silicone pacifier | Baby bottle with 14 (270 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
Melamine | Cup (225 mL) | 2 h/70 °C | <LOQ |
PET | Bottle preform (1.5 L) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
Melamine | Cup (* nominal volume) | 2 h/70 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Cup with straw (* nominal volume) | 2 h/70 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Beer tin can 2 (500 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
Epoxy coating | Colander (1000 mL) | 1 h/100 °C | <LOQ |
Tritan TM copolyester, BPA free | Bottle 1 (600 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
Tritan TM copolyester, BPA free | Bottle 2 (700 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
Tritan TM copolyester, BPA free | Bottle 3 (800 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
PP | Baby bottle (* nominal volume) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Paper-based straw (0.7 × 240 mm) 100 ml | 1 h/20 °C | <LOQ |
PP, BPA free | Baby bottle 10 (150 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
PP, BPA free | Baby bottle 11 (125 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
PP, BPA free | Baby bottle 12 (150 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
PP, BPA free | Baby bottle 13 (260 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
PC | Baby bottle 1 (150 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
PP BPA free | Baby bottle 2 (260 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
PC | Baby bottle 3 (270 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
PC | Baby bottle 4 (300 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
PP BPA free | Baby bottle 5 (330 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
PES | Baby bottle 6 (125 mL) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Baby bottle 7 (* nominal volume) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
PP | Baby bottle 8 (* nominal volume) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
Melamine | Plastic plate 1 (* nominal volume) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Plastic cup 2 (270 mL) | 2 h/70 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Cake mould 1 (1000 mL) | 2 h/100 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Cake mould 2 (1000 mL) | 2 h/100 °C | <LOQ |
N/A, BPA free | Lunch box and drinking bottle (* nominal volume) | 24 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Sauce pan with non-sticky layer (ID: 24 cm 1000 mL) | 2 h/100 °C | <LOQ |
PELD | White foil (166.7 mL/1 dm2) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Bags for sauerkraut (1000 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
PP | Plastic bin (1.2 L) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
PC | Blue gallon for water (18.9 L) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Bottle 4 (500 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
PC | Gallon for water (18.9 L) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Tin can with lid (100 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
OPA/PELD | Foil | 10 days/60 °C | <LOQ |
PP | Bin with cover (1.200 L) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Milking equipment-silicone milk tubing (100 mL) | 2 h/40 °C | <LOQ |
HDPE | Multilayer/multi-material cup (7 mL) | 10 days/60 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Primary bottle with pump (100 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
PP | Multilayer cup (11 mL) | 10 days/60 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Metallic dish 1 with clear lacquer (1000 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Coffee tin can with clear lacquer (1000 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Metallic dish 1 with clear lacquer (1000 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
Aluminium pigment polyester coating, BPA n.i. | Lithographed towed can from aluminium tin 1 (50 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
Aluminium pigment epoxy phenolic coating, BPA n.i. | Lithographed towed can from aluminium tin 2 (100 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
Aluminium pigment epoxy phenolic coating, BPA n.i. | Lithographed towed can from aluminium tin 3 (100 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
N/A | Candy box (≈150 mL) | 10 days/40 °C | <LOQ |
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Krivohlavek, A.; Mikulec, N.; Budeč, M.; Barušić, L.; Bošnir, J.; Šikić, S.; Jakasa, I.; Begović, T.; Janda, R.; Vitale, K. Migration of BPA from Food Packaging and Household Products on the Croatian Market. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042877
Krivohlavek A, Mikulec N, Budeč M, Barušić L, Bošnir J, Šikić S, Jakasa I, Begović T, Janda R, Vitale K. Migration of BPA from Food Packaging and Household Products on the Croatian Market. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(4):2877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042877
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrivohlavek, Adela, Nataša Mikulec, Maja Budeč, Lidija Barušić, Jasna Bošnir, Sandra Šikić, Ivone Jakasa, Tajana Begović, Rea Janda, and Ksenija Vitale. 2023. "Migration of BPA from Food Packaging and Household Products on the Croatian Market" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4: 2877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042877