Predictors of Unmet Needs in Chilean Older People with Dependency: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample
2.2. Consent Procedure and Data Collection
2.3. Instruments
2.3.1. Administered to Older People
Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE)
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living
2.3.2. Administered to Older Persons and Their Caregivers
EuroQoL-5D: Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support
2.3.3. Self-Administered by Caregivers
Zarit Burden Interview
Revised Self-Efficacy for Caregiving Scale
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of Dependent Older People
3.2. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Caregivers
3.3. Older People’s Met and Unmet Needs
3.4. Factors Associated with and Predictors of Unmet Needs
4. Discussion
4.1. Unmet Needs of Older Dependent People in Chile
4.2. Factors Associated with Unmet Needs
4.3. Predictors of Unmet Needs
4.4. Limitations and Strengths
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sociodemographic Characteristics | Levels | Freq (%)/Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 79.9 (9.9) |
60–73 | 22 (28.6) | |
74–83 | 26 (33.8) | |
84–101 | 29 (37.7) | |
Gender | Female | 52 (67.5) |
Male | 25 (32.5) | |
Marital status | Single | 6 (7.8) |
Married/living with a partner | 30 (39) | |
Separated/divorced | 6 (7.8) | |
Widowed | 35 (45.5) | |
Educational level | Primary education or less | 21 (27.3) |
Incomplete secondary education | 28 (36.4) | |
Completed secondary education | 18 (23.4) | |
Professional or technician | 10 (13) | |
Living with the caregiver | Yes | 64 (83.1) |
No | 13 (16.9) | |
Clinical characteristics | ||
Diagnosis | High blood pressure | 61 (79.2) |
Diabetes | 30 (39) | |
Rheumatological diseases | 29 (37.7) | |
Chronic respiratory diseases | 15 (19.5) | |
Chronic renal insufficiency | 10 (13) | |
Cancer | 9 (11.7) | |
Sensory impairments | 13 (16.9) | |
Level of dependency | Mean (SD) | 70.4 (21.3) |
Mild | 57 (74) | |
Moderate | 14 (18.2) | |
Severe | 6 (7.8) | |
Depressive symptomatology | Mean (SD) | 6.3 (4) |
No symptoms | 43 (55.8) | |
Presents symptoms | 22 (28.6) | |
Possible disorder | 12 (15.6) | |
Anxious symptomatology | Mean (SD) | 6.6 (4.8) |
No symptoms | 47 (61) | |
Presents symptoms | 15 (19.5) | |
Possible disorder | 15 (19.5) |
Sociodemographic Characteristics | Levels | N (%)/Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 55.7 (14.34) |
18–40 | 11 (14.3) | |
41–60 | 37 (48) | |
61–83 | 29 (37.7) | |
Gender | Female | 65 (84.4) |
Male | 12 (15.6) | |
Educational level | Incomplete high school education | 20 (26) |
Completed high school education | 23 (29) | |
Professional or technician | 34 (44.2) | |
Relationship with the older person | Partner/spouse | 15 (19.5) |
Son/daughter | 52 (67.5) | |
Sibling | 3 (3.9) | |
Grandchild | 6 (7.8) | |
Mother | 1 (1.3) | |
Clinical characteristics | ||
Diagnosis | Hypertension | 33 (42.9) |
Diabetes | 10 (13) | |
Depression | 10 (13) | |
No diseases | 18 (23.4) | |
Caregiver burden | Mean (SD) | 51.3 (16.7) |
Absence of burden | 32 (41.6) | |
Moderate burden | 16 (20.8) | |
Intense burden | 29 (37.7) | |
Depressive symptomatology | Mean (SD) | 6.5 (4.4) |
No symptoms | 47 (61) | |
Presents symptoms | 11 (14.3) | |
Possible disorder | 19 (24.7) | |
Anxious symptomatology | Mean (SD) | 8 (4.9) |
No symptoms | 33 (42.9) | |
Presents symptoms | 19 (24.7) | |
Possible disorder | 25 (32.5) |
Needs (N = 77) | Met (%) | Unmet (%) | Total 1 (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Accommodation | 42.9 | 1.3 | 44.2 |
Looking after home | 77.9 | 1.3 | 79.2 |
Food | 79.2 | 1.3 | 80.5 |
Self-care | 68.8 | 0.0 | 68.8 |
Caring for another | 7.8 | 0.0 | 7.8 |
Daytime activities | 18.2 | 33.8 | 51.9 |
Memory | 7.8 | 2.6 | 10.4 |
Eyesight/hearing | 70.1 | 19.5 | 89.6 |
Mobility | 46.8 | 7.8 | 54.5 |
Continence | 39.0 | 5.2 | 44.2 |
Physical health | 93.5 | 5.2 | 98.7 |
Drugs | 45.5 | 6.5 | 51.9 |
Psychotic symptoms | 5.2 | 2.6 | 7.8 |
Psychological distress | 26.0 | 24.7 | 50.6 |
Information | 27.3 | 14.3 | 41.6 |
Deliberate self-harm | 3.9 | 2.6 | 6.5 |
Accidental self-Harm | 6.5 | 0.0 | 6.5 |
Abuse/neglect | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.6 |
Behavior | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Alcohol | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Company | 11.7 | 23.4 | 35.1 |
Intimate relationships | 10.4 | 14.3 | 24.7 |
Money | 29.9 | 3.9 | 33.8 |
Social benefits | 26.0 | 23.4 | 49.4 |
Correlation | p | |
---|---|---|
Older Person Factors | ||
Functionality | Rs = −0.53 | 0.00 ** |
Number of medications | Rs = 0.22 | 0.06 |
Health-related quality of life | Rs = −0.16 | 0.18 |
Social support | Rs = −0.25 | 0.02 * |
Depressive symptomatology | Rs = 0.47 | 0.00 ** |
Anxious symptomatology | Rs = 0.35 | 0.00 ** |
Caregiver Factors | ||
Burden | Rs = 0.14 | 0.21 |
Social support | Rs = −0.04 | 0.71 |
Depressive symptomatology | Rs = 0.18 | 0.11 |
Anxious symptomatology | Rs = 0.14 | 0.23 |
Self-efficacy | Rs = −0.15 | 0.18 |
Variable | Beta 1 | p Value |
---|---|---|
Functionality (Barthel) | −0.38 | 0.00 ** |
Anxious symptoms (HADS-A) | 0.33 | 0.00 ** |
R2 | 0.33 | |
Adjusted R2 | 0.31 | |
F | 18.24 | 0.00 ** |
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Carvacho, R.; Carrasco, M.; Fernández, M.B.; Miranda-Castillo, C. Predictors of Unmet Needs in Chilean Older People with Dependency: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6928. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206928
Carvacho R, Carrasco M, Fernández MB, Miranda-Castillo C. Predictors of Unmet Needs in Chilean Older People with Dependency: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(20):6928. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206928
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarvacho, Raffaela, Marcela Carrasco, María Beatriz Fernández, and Claudia Miranda-Castillo. 2023. "Predictors of Unmet Needs in Chilean Older People with Dependency: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 20: 6928. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206928
APA StyleCarvacho, R., Carrasco, M., Fernández, M. B., & Miranda-Castillo, C. (2023). Predictors of Unmet Needs in Chilean Older People with Dependency: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(20), 6928. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206928