Analysis of Portuguese Physiotherapists’ Self-Knowledge on Temporomandibular Disorders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Sampling and Recruitment
2.3. Questionnaire
2.4. Ethics and Procedures
2.5. Data Collection
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographics and Characteristics of the Participants
3.2. Self-Perception of the Knowledge of Physiotherapists in the Treatment of TMD
3.3. Methods Used to Evaluate and Treat TMD Patients
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age in years (n = 338) (mean, standard deviation, and range) | 28.3 ± 3.58 (22–61) |
(n = 142) (mean, standard deviation, and range) | 34.1 ± 8.2 (22–61) |
Sex, female/male (n = 338) (total, percentage) | 247 (73%)/91 (27%) |
(n = 142) (total, percentage) | 87 (62%)/55 (38%) |
Highest level of education (n = 338/n = 142) (total, percentage) | |
Bachelor’s degree | 285 (74%)/111 (78%) |
Master’s degree | 51 (15%)/30 (21%) |
Doctoral degree | 2 (1%)/1 (1%) |
Physiotherapy course with TMD educational content (n = 338) (total, percentage) | |
Yes | 81 (24%) |
No | 257 (76%) |
Continuing education in TMD (n = 338) (total, percentage) | |
Yes | 132 (39%) |
No | 206 (61%) |
Hours of continuing education in TMD (n = 132) (total, percentage) | |
Between 10 and 19 h | 34 (26%) |
Between 20 and 29 h | 15 (11%) |
More of 30 h | 83 (63%) |
Evaluate or treat patients with TMD (n = 338) (total, percentage) | |
Yes | 142 (42%) |
No | 196 (58%) |
Areas of intervention for participants who treat TMD (n = 142) (total, percentage) | |
Exclusive TMD | 9 (6%) |
TMD and musculoskeletal | 32 (23%) |
Several areas | 101 (71%) |
Work setting in TMD (n = 142) | |
Private Physiotherapy Clinic | 73 (52%) |
Dental Medicine Clinic | 10 (7%) |
Private Hospital | 9 (6%) |
National Health System | 11 (8%) |
Private Physiotherapy Clinic + Dental Medicine Clinic | 16 (11%) |
Others | 23 (16%) |
Years of practice in TMD (n = 142) | |
(−1 year) | 22 (15%) |
(1–5 years) | 79 (56%) |
(6–10 years) | 36 (25%) |
(+11 years) | 5 (4%) |
Patients with TMD/week (n = 142) | |
(≤1 patient/week) | 45 (32%) |
(1–5 patient/week) | 59 (41%) |
(6–10 patient/week) | 18 (13%) |
(11–19 patient/week) | 13 (9%) |
(+20 patient/week) | 7 (5%) |
Perceived level of knowledge (n = 142) | |
Unsatisfactory | 18 (13%) |
Weak | 10 (7%) |
Satisfactory | 54 (38%) |
Good | 44 (31%) |
Very good | 16 (11%) |
TMD symptoms | Total | percentage |
Correctly identified symptoms | 16 | 11% |
Symptoms partially correctly identified | 126 | 89% |
TMD symptoms identified | Total | percentage |
TMJ pain | 101 | 71% |
Muscle pain of masticatory muscles and accessories | 97 | 68% |
Muscle pain of other masticatory muscles | 23 | 16% |
Headache | 16 | 11% |
TMJ click and crackle | 128 | 90% |
Oral opening range limitation | 109 | 77% |
Tinnitus and/or other ear symptoms | 34 | 24% |
Etiological Factors | Total | percentage |
Malocclusion | 115 | 81% |
Missing teeth | 92 | 65% |
Parafunctions | 43 | 30% |
Postural changes | 108 | 76% |
Stress | 41 | 29% |
Psychological | 65 | 46% |
Behavioral (example: bruxism) | 36 | 25% |
Changes in pain processing systems | 9 | 6% |
Other pain comorbidities | 57 | 40% |
Conditions associated with pain in TMD | Total | percentage |
Myalgia masticatory muscles | 20 | 14% |
TMJ osteoarthritis | 11 | 8% |
Disc anterior displacement | 61 | 61% |
TMJ osteoarthritis + disc anterior displacement | 20 | 14% |
Myalgia masticatory muscles + disc anterior displacement | 30 | 21% |
Factors that contribute to anterior disc displacement | Total | percentage |
Parafunctions | 24 | 17% |
Behavioral (example: bruxism) | 20 | 14% |
Postural changes | 80 | 56% |
Dental malocclusion | 95 | 67% |
Trauma | 18 | 13% |
One-sided chewing | 68 | 48% |
Factors contributing to the chronicity of TMD | Total | percentage |
Postural changes | 65 | 46% |
Psychosocial factors | 34 | 24% |
Fear of movement | 38 | 27% |
Dental malocclusion | 88 | 62% |
Catastrophizing pain | 27 | 19% |
Self-efficacy strategies | 18 | 13% |
TMD Evaluation | Total | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Local pain | 142 | 100% |
Generalized pain | 38 | 27% |
Headache | 16 | 11% |
Catastrophizing pain | 57 | 40% |
Jaw functional limitation | 120 | 84% |
Symptoms duration time | 97 | 68% |
Postural changes | 104 | 73% |
Comorbidities | 62 | 44% |
Parafunctional habits | 34 | 24% |
Fear of movement | 41 | 29% |
Anxiety | 45 | 32% |
Stress | 27 | 19% |
Self-efficacy strategies | 62 | 44% |
Depression | 80 | 56% |
Sleep quality | 23 | 16% |
Methods Used in the Acute Phase | Methods Used in the Chronic Phase | ||
---|---|---|---|
Orofacial manual therapy | 111 (78%) | Orofacial manual therapy | 122 (86%) |
Postural correction | 88 (52%) | Postural correction | 97 (68%) |
Education and counseling | 54 (38%) | Education and counseling | 471 (33%) |
TENS | 17 (11%) | Cervical manual therapy | 241 (17%) |
Exercises | 16 (11%) | Exercises | 14 (10%) |
Ultrasound | 14 (10%) | Ultrasound | 11 (10%) |
TENS | 5 (8%) |
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Moleirinho-Alves, P.; Cebola, P.; Melo, X.; Simões, S.; Godinho, C. Analysis of Portuguese Physiotherapists’ Self-Knowledge on Temporomandibular Disorders. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021294
Moleirinho-Alves P, Cebola P, Melo X, Simões S, Godinho C. Analysis of Portuguese Physiotherapists’ Self-Knowledge on Temporomandibular Disorders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021294
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoleirinho-Alves, Paula, Pedro Cebola, Xavier Melo, Sérgio Simões, and Catarina Godinho. 2023. "Analysis of Portuguese Physiotherapists’ Self-Knowledge on Temporomandibular Disorders" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021294
APA StyleMoleirinho-Alves, P., Cebola, P., Melo, X., Simões, S., & Godinho, C. (2023). Analysis of Portuguese Physiotherapists’ Self-Knowledge on Temporomandibular Disorders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021294