Improving Purpose in Life in School Settings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample
2.2. Assessment
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pre-Intervention | Post-Intervention | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Elementary Schoolchildren | Middle/High School Students | Elementary Schoolchildren | Middle/High School Students | |
M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |
Gender (% female) | 47.5% | 53.3% | / | / |
Age (range 8–17) | 9.23 (0.50) | 14.4 (0.67) | / | / |
PWB Purpose in Life | 15.21 (2.97) | 14.58 (3.12) | 15.17 (2.88) | 14.45 (3.30) |
SDQ overall stress | 4.56 (4.74) | 10.20 (6.53) | ||
SDQ emotional difficulties | 1.26 (2.07) | 2.77 (2.30) | ||
SDQ behavioral difficulties | 0.87 (1.49) | 1.75 (1.95) | ||
SDQ hyperactivity and attention difficulties | 1.56 (1.99) | 3.13 (2.91) | ||
SDQ difficulties getting alone with others | 0.86 (1.15) | 2.61 (1.86) | ||
SDQ kind and helpful behavior | 8.13 (2.11) | 5.97 (2.28) | ||
RCMAS Total Anxiety | 11.11 (5.47) | 9.93 (5.26) | ||
Depression (CTI; SQ-Dep) | 18.01 (9.65) | 5.23 (4.62) | ||
Somatization (CSI; SQ-Som) | 19.93 (15.09) | 5.67 (4.48) |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | p | β | p | β | p | β | p | |
Gender (1 = F; 2 = M) | 0.065 | 0.407 | −0.018 | 0.826 | 0.016 | 0.839 | 0.007 | 0.929 |
Age | 0.025 | 0.754 | −0.024 | 0.767 | −0.018 | 0.817 | −0.024 | 0.749 |
Wellbeing intervention (wb = 1; controls = 2) | −0.215 | 0.008 | −0.206 | 0.011 | −0.209 | 0.008 | −0.174 | 0.020 |
SDQ overall stress | −1.981 | 0.401 | −2.366 | 0.304 | −1.738 | 0.421 | ||
SDQ emotional difficulties | 0.969 | 0.347 | 1.149 | 0.253 | 0.810 | 0.391 | ||
SDQ behavioral difficulties | 0.603 | 0.425 | 0.737 | 0.318 | 0.524 | 0.450 | ||
SDQ hyperactivity and attention difficulties | 0.819 | 0.409 | 0.974 | 0.314 | 0.752 | 0.407 | ||
SDQ difficulties getting alone with others | 0.292 | 0.605 | 0.436 | 0.430 | 0.331 | 0.522 | ||
SDQ kind and helpful behavior | 0.192 | 0.064 | 0.164 | 0.105 | 0.121 | 0.204 | ||
RCMAS Total Anxiety | −0.237 | 0.003 | 0.064 | 0.518 | ||||
Depression | −0.399 | <0.001 | ||||||
Somatization | −0.113 | 0.181 | ||||||
R2 | 0.051 | 0.147 | 0.197 | 0.303 | ||||
R2 change | 0.051 | 0.096 | 0.050 | 0.106 | ||||
F value | 2.751 | 0.045 | 2.823 | <0.004 | 3.595 | <0.001 | 5.248 | <0.001 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | p | β | p | β | p | β | p | |
Age | −0.007 | 0.886 | 0.023 | 0.641 | 0.024 | 0.590 | 0.050 | 0.252 |
Gender (1 = F; 2 = M) | −0.020 | 0.673 | 0.004 | 0.928 | −0.142 | 0.003 | −0.140 | 0.002 |
Wellbeing intervention (wb = 1; controls = 2) | −0.067 | 0.161 | −0.046 | 0.354 | −0.082 | 0.067 | −0.091 | 0.037 |
SDQ overall stress | 0.206 | 0.636 | −0.123 | 0.754 | −0.057 | 0.884 | ||
SDQ emotional difficulties | −0.129 | 0.422 | −0.022 | 0.878 | −0.044 | 0.760 | ||
SDQ behavioral difficulties | 0.248 | 0.129 | 0.277 | 0.061 | 0.227 | 0.117 | ||
SDQ hyperactivity and attention difficulties | −0.487 | 0.019 | −0.187 | 0.323 | −0.191 | 0.304 | ||
SDQ difficulties getting alone with others | −0.088 | 0.525 | 0.059 | 0.637 | 0.042 | 0.736 | ||
SDQ kind and helpful behavior | −0.095 | 0.100 | −0.042 | 0.422 | −0.029 | 0.562 | ||
RCMAS Total Anxiety | −0.448 | <0.001 | −0.245 | <0.001 | ||||
Depression | −0.317 | <0.001 | ||||||
Somatization | 0.039 | 0.442 | ||||||
R2 | 0.005 | 0.064 | 0.238 | 0.282 | ||||
R2 change | 0.055 | 0.058 | 0.173 | 0.045 | ||||
F value | 0.795 | 0.497 | 3.368 | <0.001 | 13.783 | <0.001 | 14.469 | <0.001 |
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Ruini, C.; Albieri, E.; Ottolini, F.; Vescovelli, F. Improving Purpose in Life in School Settings. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186772
Ruini C, Albieri E, Ottolini F, Vescovelli F. Improving Purpose in Life in School Settings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(18):6772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186772
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuini, Chiara, Elisa Albieri, Fedra Ottolini, and Francesca Vescovelli. 2023. "Improving Purpose in Life in School Settings" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 18: 6772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186772