Reviewing Publicly Available Reports on Child Health Disparities in Indigenous and Remote Communities of Australia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Result Synthesis
3. Results
3.1. Data Sources
3.2. Sociodemographic and Housing Conditions
3.3. Maternal and Child Health Outcomes
3.4. Long-Term Health Conditions
3.5. Overweight and/or Obesity
3.6. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
3.7. Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviours
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Data Sources | Research Organisation | Scope of the Data | Measurements | Outcomes | Data Access |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population: Census 2021 | Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) | The 2021 Census counted 25,422,788 people in Australia (excludes overseas visitors) | Self-reported data | Sociodemographic outcomes | Population: Census, 2021 | Australian Bureau of Statistics (abs.gov.au) [accessed on 28 November 2022] |
Population: Census 2016 | Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) | The 2016 Census counted 23.4 million people living in Australia (excludes overseas visitors) | Self-reported data | Housing | 2016 Australia, Census All persons QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics (abs.gov.au) [accessed on 17 September 2022] |
Report on Australian children 2020 | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare | Examines data on children and their families across seven domains: health, education, social support, household income and finance, parental employment, housing, and justice and safety. | Using different data sources | Smoking during pregnancy; teenage motherhood; low birth weight; child mortality; developmental vulnerability; asthma; Type I diabetes; cancer | Australia’s children (Full publication; 18 March 2020 Edition) (AIHW) |
National Health Survey: First results 2017–2018 | Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) | The NHS was conducted from a sample of approximately 21,300 people in 16,400 private dwellings across Australia. | Self-reported data and physical measurements | Mental and behavioural conditions; overweight/obesity; dietary intake; physical activity | National Health Survey: First results, 2017–2018 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics (abs.gov.au) [accessed on 25 November 2022] |
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey 2018–2019 | Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) | From a total of 6388 households, 10,579 people included in the sample. | Self-reported and physical measurements | Overweight/obesity; dietary intake; physical activity | National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, 2018–2019 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics (abs.gov.au) [accessed on 25 November 2022] |
Australian Burden of Disease Study 2018 | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare | Australian Burden of Disease Study 2018: key findings for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people | Estimates of DALYs, YLL and life expectancy | Burden of diseases | Australian Burden of Disease Study 2018: key findings for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, Key findings—Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (aihw.gov.au) [accessed on 28 November 2022] |
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey 2012–2013 | Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) | From a total of 7700 households, around 9300 people included in the sample. | Self-reported and physical measurements | Asthma; overweight/obesity; dietary intake; physical activity | 4727.0.55.001—Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey: First Results, Australia, 2012–2013 (abs.gov.au) [accessed on 28 November 2022 |
Health status and outcomes: ear health | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare & National Indigenous Australians Agency | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health performance framework | Using different data sources | Hearing impairment | 1.15 Ear health—AIHW Indigenous HPF [accessed on 1 December 2022] |
Health status and outcomes: physical activity | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare & National Indigenous Australians Agency | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health performance framework | Using different data sources | Physical activity | 2.18 Physical activity—AIHW Indigenous HPF [accessed on 5 December 2022] |
MEDLINE/PUBMED | From a total of 158 children aged 5–17 years | Cross-sectional study | Central obesity | Prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Indigenous Australian youths—Valery—2009—Obesity Reviews—Wiley Online Library |
Variables | Australia | |
---|---|---|
Total Population | Indigenous | |
Median age (years) | 38 | 24 |
<15 years (%) | 18.2 | 32.7 |
≥65 years (%) | 17.2 | 5.9 |
Number of children per household | 2.5 | 3.1 |
Median weekly household income | $1746 | $1507 |
Median monthly mortgage repayments | $1863 | $1721 |
Completed year 12 or higher education (%) | 66.7 | 48.7 |
Unemployment (%) | 5.1 | 12.3 |
Re-registered motor vehicle per dwelling | 1.8 | 1.9 |
Variables | Australia | |
---|---|---|
Total Population (%) | Indigenous (%) | |
BMI index | ||
Underweight/normal weight | 75.1 | 62.1 |
Overweight/obese | 24.9 | 37.9 |
Usual daily intake of fruits | ||
1 serving or less | 27.2 | 35.8 |
2 servings or more | 70.4 | 61.2 |
Does not eat fruit | 2.5 | 2.7 |
Usual daily intake of vegetables | ||
1 serving or less | 40.9 | 46.6 |
2 servings or more | 57.3 | 48.3 |
Does not eat vegetables | 1.9 | 4.9 |
Adequate daily fruit consumption | 73.0 | 65.0 |
Adequate daily vegetable consumption | 6.3 | 6.1 |
Adequate daily fruit and vegetable consumption | 6.0 | 5.8 |
Usually consumes sugar-sweetened or diet drinks | 44.8 | 64.7 |
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Ahmed, K.Y.; Allan, J.; Dalton, H.; Sleigh, A.; Seubsman, S.-a.; Ross, A.G. Reviewing Publicly Available Reports on Child Health Disparities in Indigenous and Remote Communities of Australia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20115959
Ahmed KY, Allan J, Dalton H, Sleigh A, Seubsman S-a, Ross AG. Reviewing Publicly Available Reports on Child Health Disparities in Indigenous and Remote Communities of Australia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(11):5959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20115959
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed, Kedir Y., Julaine Allan, Hazel Dalton, Adrian Sleigh, Sam-ang Seubsman, and Allen G. Ross. 2023. "Reviewing Publicly Available Reports on Child Health Disparities in Indigenous and Remote Communities of Australia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 11: 5959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20115959