Heavy Metal Uptake, Translocation, and Bioaccumulation Studies of Triticum aestivum Cultivated in Contaminated Dredged Materials
Abstract
:Introduction
Materials and Methods
Experimental Design
Substrates
Laboratory Growth Conditions and Procedure
Substrate and Tissue Analysis
Diethyltriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) Extraction
Acid digestion
Metal Analysis
Statistical Analysis
Results
Substrate Metal Concentrations
Zinc
Cadmium
Discussion
- (1)
- Exclusion, which occurs when the transportation of metals is restricted and low, relatively constant, metal concentrations are maintained in the shoot over a wide range of soil concentrations.
- (2)
- Accumulation, which occurs when metals are taken up in a nontoxic form in the shoot at both high and low soil concentrations. He suggested that accumulators can be characterized by a shoot:root metal concentration ratio of >1 due to the tendency to translocate metals from the root to the shoot, whereas excluders are characterized by a ratio of < 1. Baker [12] further stated that an intermediate response of an indicator plant is also likely, whereby the shoot metal concentrations reflect those in the substrate.
Characteristics | Reference Soil | |
---|---|---|
Total Metals (mg kg−1 DW) | Cadmium | 1.24 |
Lead | 6.90 | |
Nickel | 5.00 | |
Vanadium | 5.70 | |
Zinc | 18.20 | |
Other | Bulk density (g DWml−1) | 1.27 |
Dry weight (% fresh weight) | 41.80 | |
Organic matter (% dry weight) | 76.29 | |
pH (water) | 5.79 |
Characteristics | Bayport CDF-Wet Site | |
---|---|---|
Organics (mg kg−1 DW) | Pentacholorophenol | 0.003 |
Total PAH | 0.01 | |
Total PCB | 1.29 | |
Total Metals (mg kg−1 DW) | Aluminum | 17,658.00 |
Antimony | <3.24 | |
Arsenic | 5.35 | |
Beryllium | 1.07 | |
Cadmium | 2.11 | |
Chromium (IV) | <0.65 | |
Copper | 86.00 | |
Iron | 29,484.00 | |
Lead | 87.80 | |
Manganese | 771.00 | |
Mercury (II) | 1.46 | |
Nickel | 30.00 | |
Selenium | <0.63 | |
Silver | <0.41 | |
Thallium | <1.62 | |
Vanadium | 41.79 | |
Zinc | 218.70 | |
Nutrients (mg kg−1 DW) | Infinite-sink P* | 1.80 |
Nitrate-N | 0.01 | |
Total-K | NA | |
Other | Bulk density (g DW ml−1) | 0.88 |
Dry weight (% fresh weight) | 37.69 | |
Organic matter (% dry weight) | 15.36 | |
pH (water) | 7.29 |
Characteristics | Monroe CDF-Wet Site | |
---|---|---|
Organics (mg kg−1 DW) | Pentacholorophenol | <0.001 |
Total PAH | 0.02 | |
Total PCB | 1.67 | |
Total Metals (mg kg−1 DW) | Aluminum | 12,515.00 |
Antimony | <2.68 | |
Arsenic | 8.57 | |
Beryllium | 0.81 | |
Cadmium | 1.21 | |
Chromium (IV) | <0.54 | |
Copper | 60.00 | |
Iron | 24,522.00 | |
Lead | 62.00 | |
Manganese | 628.00 | |
Mercury (II) | 0.31 | |
Nickel | 36.18 | |
Selenium | <0.54 | |
Silver | <0.67 | |
Thallium | <0.43 | |
Vanadium | 28.81 | |
Zinc | 201.00 | |
Nutrients (mg kg−1 DW) | Infinite-sink P* | 2.80 |
Nitrate-N | 0.01 | |
Total-K | NA | |
Other | Bulk density (g DWml−1) | 1.26 |
Dry weight (% fresh weight) | 65.36 | |
Organic matter (% dry weight) | 7.83 | |
pH (water) | 7.58 |
Substrates | Total Zn (mg kg−1DW) | Bioavailable Zn (mg kg−1DW) |
---|---|---|
Reference Soil | 39.67 ± 1.29 | 2.53 ± 0.00 |
Bayport 1 | 115.62 ± 3.93a | 6.17 ± 0.39a |
Bayport 2 | 126.78 ± 1.12a | 6.31 ± 0.08a |
Bayport 3 | 105.61 ± 34.68b | 5.44 ± 0.05a |
Monroe 4 | 127.37 ± 22.41a | 6.60 ± 0.05a |
Monroe 5 | 92.47 ± 6.23 | 6.24 ± 0.01a |
Substrates | Total Cd (mg kg−1DW) | Bioavailable Cd (mg kg−1DW) |
---|---|---|
Reference Soil | 0.48 ± 0.09 | 0.09 ± 0.01 |
Bayport 1 | 1.34 ± 0.04a | 0.45 ± 0.01a |
Bayport 2 | 1.09 ± 0.01b | 0.30 ± 0.02a |
Bayport 3 | 1.08 ± 0.25b | 0.35 ± 0.02a |
Monroe 4 | 0.93 ± 0.12 | 0.36 ± 0.03a |
Monroe 5 | 0.59 ± 0.12 | 0.23 ± 0.01a |
Acknowledgments
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Shumaker, K.L.; Begonia, G. Heavy Metal Uptake, Translocation, and Bioaccumulation Studies of Triticum aestivum Cultivated in Contaminated Dredged Materials. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2005, 2, 293-298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005020013
Shumaker KL, Begonia G. Heavy Metal Uptake, Translocation, and Bioaccumulation Studies of Triticum aestivum Cultivated in Contaminated Dredged Materials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2005; 2(2):293-298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005020013
Chicago/Turabian StyleShumaker, Ketia L., and Gregorio Begonia. 2005. "Heavy Metal Uptake, Translocation, and Bioaccumulation Studies of Triticum aestivum Cultivated in Contaminated Dredged Materials" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2, no. 2: 293-298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005020013