Dietary Exposure of Fathead Minnows to the Explosives TNT and RDX and to the Pesticide DDT using Contaminated Invertebrates
Abstract
:Introduction
Materials and Methods
Chemicals
Experimental Organisms
Aqueous Exposure of Prey Worms
Dietary Exposure of Predator Fish
Chemical Analysis
Water Samples
Worm Samples
Fish samples
Data Analysis
Results and Discussion
Bioaccumulation in Prey
Dietary Bioaccumulation in Predator Fish
Conclusions
Concentration (dpm/mg) | Transfer factor | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water (dpm/μL) | Prey (dpm/mg) | Fish (dpm/mg) | Water to prey (μL/mg) | Prey to fish*(mg/mg) | |
TNT | 38.3 ± 3.7 | 1,245.6 ± 453.5 | 22.7 ± 10.5 | 32.5 | 0.018 |
RDX | 135.1 ± 4.0 | 280.0 ± 19.0 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 2.1 | 0.010 |
DDT | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 423.7 0 ± 158.5 | 178.8 ± 28.4 | 214.5 | 0.422 |
Exposure | Unextractable | Extractable | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Parent | Known | Unknown | ||
TNT | 11.9 ± 4.7 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 13.8 ± 4.0 | 73.7 ± 8.1 |
RDX | 36.0 ± 9.5 | 12.9 ± 5.7 | 0 | 51.1 ± 3.8 |
DDT | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 92.5 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.7 |
Acknowledgements
References
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Houston, J.G.; Lotufo, G.R. Dietary Exposure of Fathead Minnows to the Explosives TNT and RDX and to the Pesticide DDT using Contaminated Invertebrates. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2005, 2, 286-292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005020012
Houston JG, Lotufo GR. Dietary Exposure of Fathead Minnows to the Explosives TNT and RDX and to the Pesticide DDT using Contaminated Invertebrates. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2005; 2(2):286-292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005020012
Chicago/Turabian StyleHouston, Jerre G., and Guilherme R. Lotufo. 2005. "Dietary Exposure of Fathead Minnows to the Explosives TNT and RDX and to the Pesticide DDT using Contaminated Invertebrates" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2, no. 2: 286-292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005020012