Nonverbal Oro-Motor Exercises: Do They Really Work for Phonoarticulatory Difficulties?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures and Procedure
2.3. Data Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Schools | Number | Number of Children with Difficulties in the Realization of Sounds | Moderate Difficulties | Severe Difficulties | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
School 1 | N | 50 | 24 (−1) | 16 (−1) | 8 |
Experimental G | 12 (−1) | 8 (−1) | 4 | ||
Control G | 12 | 8 | 4 | ||
Boys | 28 | 15 | 10 | 5 | |
Girls | 22 | 9 (−1) | 6 (−1) | 3 | |
School 2 | N | 72 | 31 (−2) | 21 | 10 (−2) |
Experimental G | 16 (−1) | 10 | 6 (−1) | ||
Control G | 15 (−1) | 11 | 4 (−1) | ||
Boys | 32 | 17 (−1) | 12 | 5 (−1) | |
Girls | 40 | 14 (−1) | 9 | 5 (−1) | |
Total | 122 | 55 (−3) | 37 (−1) | 18 (−2) |
N° | Nonverbal Oro-Motor Exercise | Articulatory Organ |
---|---|---|
1 | Open mouth and closed mouth | |
2 | Lips making an angry position (lips to the front) and a smile position (not showing teeth) | |
3 | Upper lip covers lower lip and vice versa | Lips |
4 | Upper teeth bite lower lip and vice versa | |
5 | Join upper and lower teeth and show these in the mirror, i.e., opening lips wide and then hiding the teeth behind the lips | |
6 | Lick the upper teeth from the outer side first and from the inner side later. The same with the lower teeth | |
7 | Bring the tongue in and out of mouth | |
8 | Put the tip of the tongue at the front and back of the incisor superior teeth | |
9 | Put the tongue in a wide shape (between the teeth) outside the mouth and then in a narrow shape outside the mouth | |
10 | Stick out the tongue as far as possible, moving it up and down | |
11 | Move the tongue to the right and left of the corner of the mouth without it touching lips | |
12 | Touch the upper molar teeth with the tip of the tongue, then the lower molar teeth | |
13 | Move the tongue toward the right inside the mouth—as if it was a sweet—and then to the left | |
14 | Make a clicking sound with the tongue—like a horse trot | |
15 | Move the tip of the tongue along the roof of the mouth (from the hard to the soft palate) and then along the floor of the mouth (from the inferior tooth socket to the base of the mouth) | |
16 | Blow raspberries with lips and tongue | |
17 | Make the gesture of yawning and close the mouth | |
18 | Make the gesture of kissing noisily and smile | |
19 | Inflate the cheeks, release air, and then suck in the cheeks | Facial Gesture |
20 | Inflate the right cheek and then the left one quickly |
Severity | Group | Mean | SD | N | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | 2 | Control | 3.50 | 1.54 | 20 |
Experimental | 3.47 | 1.42 | 17 | ||
3 | Control | 10.83 | 2.04 | 6 | |
Experimental | 10.67 | 2.34 | 9 | ||
Post | 2 | Control | 1.85 | 2.06 | 20 |
Experimental | 2.00 | 1.90 | 17 | ||
3 | Control | 4.33 | 2.16 | 6 | |
Experimental | 5.67 | 3.24 | 9 |
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Parra-López, P.; Olmos-Soria, M.; Valero-García, A.V. Nonverbal Oro-Motor Exercises: Do They Really Work for Phonoarticulatory Difficulties? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095459
Parra-López P, Olmos-Soria M, Valero-García AV. Nonverbal Oro-Motor Exercises: Do They Really Work for Phonoarticulatory Difficulties? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(9):5459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095459
Chicago/Turabian StyleParra-López, Pablo, Marina Olmos-Soria, and Ana V. Valero-García. 2022. "Nonverbal Oro-Motor Exercises: Do They Really Work for Phonoarticulatory Difficulties?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9: 5459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095459