Home-Based Physical Activity as a Healthy Aging Booster before and during COVID-19 Outbreak
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Literature Search
2. Home-Based Programs before COVID-19
2.1. Balance and Falls
2.2. Mobility
2.3. Strength-Resistance Training
2.4. Chronic Diseases
3. Home-Based Programs during COVID-19
3.1. Balance and Falls
3.2. Mobility
3.3. Strength-Resistance Training
3.4. Chronic Diseases
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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References | Duration; Frequency | Intensity | Time | Type | Volume | Progression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[3] | 6 to 24 months; 1 to 3 d x wk | NA | 2 h | Balance | NA | NA |
[16] | 8 wk; 3 d x wk | NA | NA | Balance | NA | NA |
[28] | 8 wk; 3 d x wk | NA | NA | Balance | NA | NA |
[29] | 16 wk; 4 d x wk | NA | 20 to 30 min | Balance | NA | NA |
[30] | 12 months; 3 d x wk | NA | 40 min | Balance | NA | NA |
[31] | 4 wk; 3 d x wk | NA | 60 min | Balance | NA | NA |
[32] | 12 wk; 3 d x wk | Moderate to high | 60 min | Balance | NA | NA |
[37] | 8 wk; 2 to 3 d x wk | Moderate to high | 40 min | Mobility | NA | NA |
[38] | 12 wk; 3 d x wk | RPE 13/15 Borg 6-20 | 40 min | Mobility | NA | NA |
[39] | 6 months; 3 d x wk | NA | NA | Mobility | NA | Resistance bands |
[44] | 6 months; 3 d x wk | RPE 7/8 CR 10 | NA | Strength-resistance | 8 rep | NA |
[45] | 12 wk; 3 d x wk | NA | NA | Strength-resistance | 10–15 rep | Resistance bands |
[46] | 12 months | NA | NA | Strength-resistance | NA | NA |
[47] | 12 wk; 3 d x wk | RPE 12/16 Borg 6-20 | NA | Strength-resistance | 8–15 rep | NA |
References | Outcomes (Δ) | Pre | Post | Diff. Pre-Post |
---|---|---|---|---|
[16] | Cognitive status | 24.25 | 24.56 | 0.31 (AU) |
ADL | 87.81 | 88.88 | 1.07 (AU) | |
PHS | 7.8 | 8.13 | 0.33 (AU) | |
SEE | 50.06 | 65.69 | 15.63 (AU) | |
OEE | 49.25 | 47.69 | −1.56 (AU) | |
[28] | TUG | 15.04 | 12.1 | −2.94 (s) |
BBS | 51 | 55 | 4 (AU) | |
One-leg stance | 8.3 | 20.8 | 12.5 (s) | |
Tandem standing | 21.2 | 35 | 13.8 (s) | |
[30] | Figure-of-8 running | 20.6 | 19.4 | −1.2 (s) |
[31] | Dynamic balance | 7.2 | 6.1 | −1.1 (s) |
[32] | Low grip strength | 15.71 | 18.84 | 3.13 (kg) |
TUG | 12.21 | 10.33 | −1.88 (s) | |
BBS | 49.12 | 52.68 | 3.56 (AU) | |
VO2max | 26.53 | 27.59 | 1.06 (mL/kg/min) | |
[33] | Balance | 10.91 | 13.41 | 2.5 (s) |
Gait speed | 6.25 | 8.25 | 2 (s) | |
[37] | 6MWT | 318.8 | 404.8 | 86 (m) |
15-m walking test | 15.9 | 12.7 | −3.2 (s) | |
[44] | Tandem walk | 47.9 | 30.9 | −17 (s) |
One-legged stance | 8.5 | 15.7 | 7.2 (s) | |
Maximal gait | 1.7 | 1.5 | −0.2 (m/s) | |
6MWT | 1227 | 1324 | 97 (ft) | |
Hand grip | 21.8 | 22.4 | 0.6 (kg/f) | |
Knee extension 1RM | 17.1 | 20.2 | 3.1 (kg) | |
[45] | TUG | 7.23 | 7.16 | −0.07 (s) |
4-m walk test | 0.98 | 1.04 | 0.06 (m/s) | |
5-times sit to stand | 11.68 | 10.58 | −1.1 (s) | |
4-step stair climb | 2.73 | 3.16 | 0.43 (s) | |
SPPB | 11 | 11.3 | 0.3 (AU) | |
[46] | MWS | 102 | 111 | −2.2 (m/min) |
TUG | 7.2 | 7 | −0.2 (s) | |
RSTL | 26.9 | 25.9 | −1 (s) | |
LSTL | 25.1 | 25.1 | 0 (s) | |
[47] | ROM | 102.7 | 100.5 | −2.2 (mm/s) |
Stride velocity | 1.38 | 1.46 | 0.08 (m/s) | |
TUG | 9.91 | 8.78 | −1.13 (s) |
References | Duration; Frequency | Intensity | Time | Type | Volume | Progression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[48] | 6 months; 3 d x wk | NA | NA | Stretching; balance; breathing; dual-tasks training | NA | NA |
[49] | Daily | Low-intensity (30–40% Plmax) | 15 min | Sitting calisthenics; respiratory stretching; walking | NA | NA |
[50] | 7 wk; 6 d x wk | 30% Plmax | NA | Inspiratory training | NA | Increase 5% Plmax |
[52] | 6 months; 3 d x wk | NA | NA | Function-oriented exercises | NA | NA |
[53] | 6 to 24 months; 2 d x wk | NA | NA | Balance; strength | 8–10 rep; 10–15 rep | NA |
[56] | 9 wk; 3 d x wk | NA | NA | Strength-resistance | NA | NA |
[57] | 3 months; 2 d x wk | NA | NA | Strength-resistance; balance | 12 rep | NA |
[59] | NA | High-intensity (50–80% 1RM) | NA | Strength-resistance | NA | NA |
[60] | 6 months; 2 d x wk | 75% 1RM | 40 s | Strength; aerobic | NA | Increase 20% 1RM |
[61] | 6 d x wk | Low-intensity | 10 min | Intermittent walking | NA | NA |
References | Outcomes (Δ) | Pre | Post | Diff. Pre-Post |
---|---|---|---|---|
[48] | 5-min walking time | 2.96 | 2.78 | −0.18 (s) |
TUG | 6.83 | 6.6 | −0.23 (s) | |
Sit and reach test | 14.9 | 17.7 | 2.8 (cm) | |
[49] | 6MWD | 404 | 467 | 63 (m) |
[53] | SPPB | 5.9 | 6.3 | 0.4 (AU) |
BBS | 40.8 | 45.6 | 4.8 (AU) | |
Leg strength | 25.5 | 29.9 | 4.4 (AU) | |
[56] | TUG | 6.16 | 5.63 | −053 (s) |
5x chair rise | 10.95 | 9.54 | −1.41 (s) | |
SPPB | 11.38 | 11.88 | 0.5 (AU) | |
10m test habitual | 1.38 | 1.43 | 0.05 (m/s) | |
10m test fast | 1.9 | 2.01 | 0.11 (m/s) | |
[57] | TUG | 9.67 | 8.82 | −0.85 (s) |
4m test | 4.47 | 3.71 | −0.76 (s) | |
Gait speed | 0.9 | 1.11 | 0.21 (m/s2) | |
Chair stand test | 12.29 | 11.41 | −0.88 (s) | |
Handgrip strength | 19.2 | 18.68 | 0.52 (kg) |
References | Duration; Frequency | Intensity | Time | Type | Volume | Progression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[72] | 20 sessions; 2 d x wk | NA | 1 h | Proprioceptive | NA | NA |
[73] | 12 wk; 1 d x wk | NA | NA | Exergames | NA | NA |
[78] | 7 wk; 5 d x wk | NA | 20 min | Mobility | NA | NA |
[79] | 8 wk; 3 d x wk | NA | 40 min | Strength; balance; mobility | NA | NA |
[7] | 6 months; 4 d x wk | NA | NA | Strength | 15 rep | Increase sets/rep |
References | Outcomes (Δ) | Pre | Post | Diff. Pre-Post |
---|---|---|---|---|
[7] | Chair-stand-test | 14 | 16 | 2 (rep) |
Handgrip strength | 30.04 | 28.2 | −2.2 (kg) | |
Mini-BEST test | 25 | 26 | 1 (AU) | |
Thigh extensors strength | 333 | 329 | −4 (n) | |
Thigh flexors strength | 176 | 178 | 2 (n) | |
[78] | KSS knee score | 49.7 | 89.5 | 39.8 (AU) |
KSS function score | 37.02 | 91.8 | 54.6 (AU) | |
ROM | 88.2 | 116.7 | 28.5 (°) | |
VAS | 5.5 | 0.8 | −4.7 (AU) | |
[79] | Tandem stance | 68.1 | 96.4 | 28.3 (s) |
TUG | 44.4 | 35.5 | −8.9 (s) |
References | Duration; Frequency | Intensity | Time | Type | Volume | Progression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[84] | 2 wk | NA | NA | Exergames | NA | NA |
[85] | 8 wk | NA | NA | Virtual realty | NA | NA |
[86] | 8 wk | NA | NA | HIIT | NA | NA |
[88] | 12 wk; 2 d x wk | NA | NA | Strength; balance | NA | NA |
[89] | 4 months; 3 d x wk | NA | NA | Walking; strength; balance | NA | NA |
[92] | 16 wk | NA | NA | Strength-resistance | 8–10 rep | NA |
[7] | 6 months | NA | NA | Resistance | NA | NA |
[93] | Daily | NA | 10 min | Walking | NA | NA |
References | Outcomes (Δ) | Pre | Post | Diff. Pre-Post |
---|---|---|---|---|
[7] | Chair-stand-test | 14 | 16 | 2 (rep) |
Handgrip strength | 30.04 | 28.2 | −2.2 (kg) | |
Mini-BEST test | 25 | 26 | 1 (AU) | |
Thigh extensors strength | 333 | 329 | −4 (n) | |
Thigh flexors strength | 176 | 178 | 2 (n) | |
[84] | Arm curl | 18.6 | 21.8 | 3.2 (rep) |
Chair stand | 14.3 | 16.6 | 2.3 (rep) | |
Back scratch | −6.1 | 4 | 2.1 (cm) | |
Sit and reach | 0.7 | 3.4 | 2.7 (cm) | |
Up and go | 6 | 5.3 | −0.7 (s) | |
6MWT | 469.9 | 508.4 | 38.5 (m) | |
[85] | SPPB | 6.78 | 8.43 | 1.65 (AU) |
CRQ-dyspnea | 2.22 | 2.96 | 0.74 (AU) | |
CRQ-fatigue | 3.11 | 3.27 | 0.16 (AU) | |
CRQ-emotional | 3.85 | 4.36 | 0.51 (AU) | |
CRQ-mastery | 3.83 | 4.22 | 0.39 (AU) | |
[89] | Barthel Index | 54.17 | 82.5 | 28.33 (AU) |
FAC | 0 | 3.33 | 3.33 (AU) | |
Hip flexion | 28.33 | 107.5 | 79.17 (°) | |
Hip abduction | 11.67 | 35.83 | 24.16 (°) |
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De Maio, M.; Bratta, C.; Iannaccone, A.; Castellani, L.; Foster, C.; Cortis, C.; Fusco, A. Home-Based Physical Activity as a Healthy Aging Booster before and during COVID-19 Outbreak. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 4317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074317
De Maio M, Bratta C, Iannaccone A, Castellani L, Foster C, Cortis C, Fusco A. Home-Based Physical Activity as a Healthy Aging Booster before and during COVID-19 Outbreak. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(7):4317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074317
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Maio, Marianna, Cecilia Bratta, Alice Iannaccone, Loriana Castellani, Carl Foster, Cristina Cortis, and Andrea Fusco. 2022. "Home-Based Physical Activity as a Healthy Aging Booster before and during COVID-19 Outbreak" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7: 4317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074317