The Impact of a 14-Day Altitude Training Camp on Olympic-Level Open-Water Swimmers’ Sleep
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects and Study Design
2.2. Chronotype and PSQI
2.3. Sleep Parameters
2.4. Training Load
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sleep Parameters
3.2. Training Data Heart Rate and sRPE Training Load Distribution
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PRE | T1 | T2 | T3 | RM-ANOVA | Partial Eta-Squared | Bonferroni Post Hoc Test | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SE (%) * | 88.2 ± 6.6 | 86.2 ± 9.0 | 88.5 ± 5.3 | 87.2 ± 6.2 | p = 0.561 | - | - |
SL (mis) | 20.7 ± 16.9 | 25.0 ± 26.5 | 21.0 ± 16.6 | 35.0 ± 17.1 | p = 0.311 | - | - |
TST (mim) | 396.0 ± 24.6 | 415.0 ± 46.0 | 438.0 ± 11.1 | 415.0 ± 39.5 | p = 0.269 | - | - |
IT (%) | 86.1 ± 3.7 | 84.9 ± 4.2 | 84.3 ± 3.4 | 84.2 ± 4.9 | p = 0.667 | - | - |
FI (%) | 28.1 ± 4.9 | 31.5 ± 12.8 | 31.3 ± 13.2 | 31.2 ± 12.0 | p = 0.333 | - | - |
WASO (min) | 21.9 ± 7.7 | 22.7 ± 10.2 | 27.0 ± 8.4 | 23.7 ± 7.2 | p = 0.294 | - | - |
SOn (hh:mm) | 22:48 ± 0:18 | 21:45 ± 0:38 | 22:19 ± 0:08 | 22:59 ± 0:33 | p = 0.018 | F3,4 = 6.947 η2p = 0.83, large | PRE > T1 (p = 0.049) |
SOff (hh:mm) * | 05:54 ± 0:14 | 05:03 ± 0:17 | 06:11 ± 0:11 | 06:31 ± 0:16 | p < 0.001 | F2,88 = 29.39 η2p = 0.95, large | PRE > T1 (p = 0.016); T2 > T1 (p = 0.006); T3 > T1 (p = 0.010) |
Subjective SQ (0-to-10 score) | 7.4 ± 0.7 | 7.5 ± 0.6 | 7.7 ± 0.6 | 8.0 ± 0.8 | p = 0.493 | - | - |
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Vitale, J.A.; Ieno, C.; Baldassarre, R.; Bonifazi, M.; Vitali, F.; La Torre, A.; Piacentini, M.F. The Impact of a 14-Day Altitude Training Camp on Olympic-Level Open-Water Swimmers’ Sleep. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 4253. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074253
Vitale JA, Ieno C, Baldassarre R, Bonifazi M, Vitali F, La Torre A, Piacentini MF. The Impact of a 14-Day Altitude Training Camp on Olympic-Level Open-Water Swimmers’ Sleep. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(7):4253. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074253
Chicago/Turabian StyleVitale, Jacopo Antonino, Cristian Ieno, Roberto Baldassarre, Marco Bonifazi, Francesca Vitali, Antonio La Torre, and Maria Francesca Piacentini. 2022. "The Impact of a 14-Day Altitude Training Camp on Olympic-Level Open-Water Swimmers’ Sleep" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7: 4253. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074253