A Survey of Awareness of Parents and Caretakers on Diagnostic Radiological Examination Related Radiation Exposure in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Questionnaire Design
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CI | Confidence interval |
CT | Computed Tomography |
cont. | continued |
e.g., | For example |
IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency |
MRI | Magnetic resonance Imaging |
No. | Number |
SPSS | Statistical Package for the Social Sciences |
UNSCEAR | United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation |
PhD | Doctor of Philosophy |
WHO | World Health Organization |
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Demographic Variables | Number of Respondents/in Percentage, %, with Total Respondents: 215 |
---|---|
Gender | |
Male | 76 (35.3) |
Female | 139 (64.7) |
Relationship to the paediatric patient | |
Father | 64 (29.8) |
Mother | 117 (54.4) |
Caretaker | 34 (15.8) |
Age Group | |
20–29 | 31 (14.4) |
30–39 | 110 (51.2) |
40–49 | 50 (23.3) |
50–59 | 11 (5.1) |
60–69 | 12 (5.6) |
70 and above | 1 (0.5) |
Ethnicity | |
Malay | 165 (76.7) |
Chinese | 32 (14.9) |
Indian | 9 (4.2) |
Others | 9 (4.2) |
Education | |
Primary education | 4 (1.9) |
Secondary education | 64 (29.8) |
Form 6/A level/diploma | 60 (27.9) |
Degree/master’s degree/Ph.D. | 83 (38.6) |
Others: not specified | 4(1.9) |
Occupations | |
Clerk | 19 (8.8) |
Healthcare worker | 30 (14.0) |
Retiree | 5 (2.3) |
Housewife | 40 (18.6) |
Educator | 12 (5.6) |
Others | 109 (50.7) |
Questions | Number of Respondents |
---|---|
1. Radiography uses ionising radiation? | |
Yes | 126 (58.6%) |
No/Unsure | 89 (41.4%) |
2. Fluoroscopy uses ionising radiation? | |
Yes | 41 (19.1%) |
No/Unsure | 174 (80.9%) |
3. Computed tomography uses ionising radiation? | |
Yes | 89 (41.4%) |
No/Unsure | 126 (58.6%) |
4. Radionuclide study uses ionising radiation? | |
Yes | 92 (42.8%) |
No/Unsure | 123 (57.2%) |
5. Angiography (fluoroscopy) uses ionising radiation? | |
Yes | 50 (23.3%) |
No/Unsure | 165 (76.7%) |
Questions | Number of Respondents |
---|---|
1. Ultrasound uses ionising radiation? | |
No | 75 (34.9%) |
Yes/Unsure | 140 (65.1%) |
2. MRI uses ionising radiation? | |
No | 34 (15.8%) |
Yes/Unsure | 181 (84.2%) |
Relationship to Paediatric Patients | Level of Knowledge (out of 11 Knowledge-Based Questions) | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
<6 | ≥6 | ||
Father | 37 | 27 | 64 |
Mother | 78 | 39 | 117 |
Caretakers | 13 | 21 | 34 |
Total | 128 | 87 | 215 |
Frequency of Explanation by Doctors on Radiological Examination | Level of Knowledge (out of 11 Knowledge-Based Questions) | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
<6 | ≥6 | ||
Never | 26 | 9 | 35 |
Sometimes | 30 | 24 | 54 |
Most of the times | 14 | 13 | 27 |
Explain every ordered imaging. | 58 | 41 | 99 |
Total | 128 | 87 | 215 |
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Ng, C.G.; Manan, H.A.; Zaki, F.M.; Zakaria, R. A Survey of Awareness of Parents and Caretakers on Diagnostic Radiological Examination Related Radiation Exposure in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3898. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073898
Ng CG, Manan HA, Zaki FM, Zakaria R. A Survey of Awareness of Parents and Caretakers on Diagnostic Radiological Examination Related Radiation Exposure in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(7):3898. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073898
Chicago/Turabian StyleNg, Chee Guan, Hanani Abdul Manan, Faizah Mohd Zaki, and Rozman Zakaria. 2022. "A Survey of Awareness of Parents and Caretakers on Diagnostic Radiological Examination Related Radiation Exposure in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7: 3898. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073898
APA StyleNg, C. G., Manan, H. A., Zaki, F. M., & Zakaria, R. (2022). A Survey of Awareness of Parents and Caretakers on Diagnostic Radiological Examination Related Radiation Exposure in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 3898. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073898