A New Combined Air Quality and Heat Index in Relation to Mortality in Monterrey, Mexico
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Calculating AQI Values
2.2.2. Calculating Heat Index Values
2.2.3. Developing a Transformed Heat Index
2.2.4. Developing Combined Air Quality and Heat Indices
2.2.5. Vulnerable Population Sets
2.2.6. Poisson Regression Models
2.2.7. Change in Relative Risk: Comparison with Baseline Model
3. Results
3.1. Air Quality Index (AQI) and Heat Index (HI) in Monterrey
3.2. Interquartile Relative Risk: Baseline AQI-Only and AQI+HI Model
3.3. Interquartile Relative Risk: Models with Either/or Indices
3.4. Interquartile Relative Risk: Models with Multiplicative Indices
3.5. Interquartile Relative Risk: Models with Additive Indices
3.6. Change in Relative Risk:
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model Name | Explanatory Variables (Daily Values) |
---|---|
AQI-only (baseline) | AQI (general, PM2.5, or O3) |
AQI+HI | AQI (general, PM2.5, or O3) and HI (This is the only model with two explanatory variables.) |
Either/or indices | |
NEW-A | AQI (general, PM2.5, or O3) or IHI_A |
NEW-B | AQI (general, PM2.5, or O3) or IHI_B |
Multiplicative indices | |
MULT-HI | Product of AQI (general, PM2.5, or O3) and HI |
MULT-HI_A | Product of AQI (general, PM2.5, or O3) and transformed heat index IHI_A |
MULT-HI_B | Product of AQI (general, PM2.5, or O3) and transformed heat index IHI_B |
Additive indices | |
SUM-HI | Sum of AQI (general, PM2.5, or O3) and HI |
SUM-HI_A | Sum of AQI (general, PM2.5, or O3) and transformed heat index IHI_A |
SUM-HI_B | Sum of AQI (general, PM2.5, or O3) and transformed heat index IHI_B |
AQI a Health Category | Number of Days b | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SO2 | NO2 | CO | O3 | PM2.5 | PM10 | |
Moderate | 0 | 1 | 0 | 51 | 170 | 84 |
Unhealthy–Sensitive Groups | 1 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 80 | 6 |
Unhealthy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 |
Very Unhealthy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
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Fever, S.K.; Kahl, J.D.W.; Kalkbrenner, A.E.; Cerón Bretón, R.M.; Cerón Bretón, J.G. A New Combined Air Quality and Heat Index in Relation to Mortality in Monterrey, Mexico. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3299. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063299
Fever SK, Kahl JDW, Kalkbrenner AE, Cerón Bretón RM, Cerón Bretón JG. A New Combined Air Quality and Heat Index in Relation to Mortality in Monterrey, Mexico. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(6):3299. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063299
Chicago/Turabian StyleFever, Shayna K., Jonathan D. W. Kahl, Amy E. Kalkbrenner, Rosa M. Cerón Bretón, and Julia G. Cerón Bretón. 2022. "A New Combined Air Quality and Heat Index in Relation to Mortality in Monterrey, Mexico" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6: 3299. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063299
APA StyleFever, S. K., Kahl, J. D. W., Kalkbrenner, A. E., Cerón Bretón, R. M., & Cerón Bretón, J. G. (2022). A New Combined Air Quality and Heat Index in Relation to Mortality in Monterrey, Mexico. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3299. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063299