Physical Fitness and Inflammatory Response to the Training Load of Wheelchair Rugby Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Assessment of Aerobic Fitness (Graded Exercise Test Protocol)
2.2. Methodology of Biochemical Marking
2.3. Training Program
- The first stage of preparations, covering the period from March to mid-May 2012 (microcycles 1–12), was focused on building aerobic capacity (raising the level of fitness of players), strengthening muscle mass and perfecting tactical elements of the game (raising the tactical level of players, shaping the reaction speed to changing tactics of the opponent during the game and gathering players from different sports clubs together).
- The second stage of preparations, covering the period from mid-May to the end of August 2012 (microcycles 13–26), was focused on maintaining aerobic capacity and strength endurance (the beginning of the stage) and speed endurance (the end of the stage), improving elements of game tactics (shaping the habits of observation and analysis during physical effort, learning team attitudes).
- The third stage of preparation, covering the period of September 2012 (micro-cycles 27–30), (direct starting preparation) is shaping the speed abilities of players and improving elements of game tactics (evaluation of observation and analysis habits during physical effort).
- Stage IV, covering September/October 2012 (microcycles 31–32) of the year, was the start of the target event.
- The fifth stage, covering the period from October to November 2012 (microcycles 33–36), was a transitional period (retrenchment).
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Limitation of the Study
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No | Spinal Cord Injury Level | American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale | Classification Points |
---|---|---|---|
1 | C6–C7 | A | 2 |
2 | C5–C6 | A | 2 |
3 | C6 | A | 2 |
4 | C6–C7 | A | 2 |
5 | C6–C7 | A | 2.5 |
6 | C5–C6 | A | 2 |
7 | C6–C7 | A | 2 |
8 | C6–C7 | A | 2 |
9 | C5 | A | 2 |
10 | C5–C6 | A | 1 |
11 | C6–C7 | A | 0.5 |
Training Goal | Week | Type of Training | Type of Activity | Duration [min] | Intensity [% max] | No. of Training Sessions per Week |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aerobic endurance (development and maintenance) | 1–12 | Constant intensity aerobic training | Wheelchair push (indoor, outdoor) | 60–100 | 50–60 | 3 |
13–32 | Constant and variable intensity aerobic training | Wheelchair push (indoor) | 60–100 | 60–70 | 2 | |
Speed endurance (anaerobic) | 27–32 | Interval training | Wheelchair push (indoor) | 15–20 | 70–90 | 1 |
Development of muscle strength | 1–12 | Strength training | Gym | 60–80 | 60–70 | 2 |
Maximum strength | 13–26 | Strength training/functional training | Gym/fitness | 40–80 | 80–90 | 1 |
Strength endurance | 13–32 | Circuit training | Gym/fitness | 40–80 | 50–60 | 1 |
Power/Capacity | 13–32 | Speed and strength training | Gym/fitness | 40–80 | 60–70 | 1 |
Stabilisation (deep muscle training) | 1–26 | Circuit training (repetition) | Fitness room | 30 | - | 1 |
Tactics/Team play | 1–12 | Small tactics training | Wheelchair rugby (key, half court play) | 120–150 | 50–75 | 3 |
13–32 | Training of small and large tactics | Wheelchair rugby (key, half court play, regular games) | 120–150 | 50–90 | 3 |
Parameter | First Research Period | Second Research Period | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Cr [µMol/L] | 57.1 ± 13.53 | 57.7 ± 12.14 | 1.0000 |
LDH [U/L] | 310.7 ± 68.09 | 307.2 ± 49.02 | 0.8139 |
TT [ng/mL] | 4.2 ± 0.90 | 4.2 ± 1.53 | 0.8753 |
TF [pg/mL] | 8.2 ± 2.71 | 8.2 ± 3.69 | 0.8139 |
C [ng/mL] | 150.7 ± 60.14 | 207.1 ± 52.61 | 0.0342 * |
TT/C | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.0843 |
TF/C | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.0994 |
Body mass [kg] | 72.2 ± 11.53 | 73.5 ± 7.69 | 0.5939 |
peakVO2 [mL/kg/min] | 16.8 ± 3,49 | 15.9 ± 3.52 | 0.1386 |
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Szymczak, Ł.; Podgórski, T.; Lewandowski, J.; Janiak, A.; Michalak, E.; Domaszewska, K. Physical Fitness and Inflammatory Response to the Training Load of Wheelchair Rugby Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042228
Szymczak Ł, Podgórski T, Lewandowski J, Janiak A, Michalak E, Domaszewska K. Physical Fitness and Inflammatory Response to the Training Load of Wheelchair Rugby Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):2228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042228
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzymczak, Łukasz, Tomasz Podgórski, Jacek Lewandowski, Arkadiusz Janiak, Edyta Michalak, and Katarzyna Domaszewska. 2022. "Physical Fitness and Inflammatory Response to the Training Load of Wheelchair Rugby Players" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 2228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042228