Effects of Sulfamethazine and Cupric Ion on Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Swine Wastewater with Growing Duckweed
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Spirodela Polyrrhiza and Synthetic Wastewater
2.3. Identification of Duckweed
2.4. Experiment Design
2.5. Analytical Methods
2.5.1. Determination of Physical and Chemical Properties of Duckweed
2.5.2. Degradation Products Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Result and Discussion
3.1. Spirodela Polyrhiza
3.2. Nutrient Removal
3.3. Effects on Antioxidant System
3.4. Effects on Photosynthetic Pigments
3.5. Effects on Proteins and Vitamin E
3.6. Degradation Products and Degradation Pathway of SMZ Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ionic Concentrations (mg/L) | Value |
---|---|
COD | 220.05 ± 11.36 |
NH3-N | 82.84 ± 3.47 |
PO4-P | 15.10 ± 0.97 |
NO3-N | 100.57 ± 2.59 |
Ca2+ | 119.65 ± 2.15 |
Mg2+ | 25.16 ± 2.32 |
K+ | 98.97 ± 4.31 |
Na+ | 175.58 ± 1.86 |
Cl− | 280.43 ± 10.34 |
SO42− | 125.82 ± 6.73 |
Fe-EDTA | 40.15 ± 2.43 |
Minor elements | 2.61 ± 0.18 |
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Xiao, Y.; Yang, C.; Cheng, J.J. Effects of Sulfamethazine and Cupric Ion on Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Swine Wastewater with Growing Duckweed. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1949. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041949
Xiao Y, Yang C, Cheng JJ. Effects of Sulfamethazine and Cupric Ion on Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Swine Wastewater with Growing Duckweed. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):1949. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041949
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao, Yu, Chunping Yang, and Jay J. Cheng. 2022. "Effects of Sulfamethazine and Cupric Ion on Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Swine Wastewater with Growing Duckweed" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 1949. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041949