The UP150: A Multifactorial Environmental Intervention to Promote Employee Physical and Mental Well-Being
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Literature Review
- Individual level: based on individual consultancies, a dynamic work station (standing and sitting desks) and on the use of treadmill or stairs in active pauses or obliged routes in the office.
- Group level: introducing, in the working daily routine, group active pauses of 10 min, promoting online physical activities, walking groups and social support network.
- Environmental communication level: using printed billboards or personalized online messages (in order to promote healthy behaviors and physical activity), pedometers and informative campaigns.
- Policy and physical environment levels: promoting the creation of safe bicycle parking, the insert of changing rooms in the workplace and health programs.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample
2.2. Protocol
2.3. Assessment
2.4. Procedures
2.4.1. Architectural Changes
2.4.2. App UP150
Pocket Trainer/Training Diary
Physical Activity Score
2.4.3. Wellness Coaches
2.4.4. Self-Determination Methodology
2.5. Measures
2.5.1. Cubo Fitness Test
2.5.2. Questionnaires
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX)
Short Form Healthy Survey (SF-12)
2.5.3. Accelerometers
2.5.4. Total Quality Recovery Scale (TQR)
2.5.5. Training Load
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. CFT
3.1.1. IME
3.1.2. SMT
3.1.3. SRT
3.1.4. SUT
3.1.5. PUT
3.1.6. RT
3.2. Questionnaires
3.2.1. IPAQ
3.2.2. NASA-TLX
3.2.3. SF-12
3.3. Accelerometers
3.4. App UP150 (Experimental Group Procedures)
3.4.1. Pocket Trainer vs. Accelerometer
3.4.2. Training Diary
3.5. TQR
3.6. Training Load
4. Discussion
4.1. Cubo Fitness Test
4.2. Questionnaires
4.3. Accelerometer
4.4. TQR and Training Load
4.5. App UP150
4.6. Potential Limiations
4.7. Practical Applications and Future Perspective
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Session 1 | Session 2 | Session 3 | ICC | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ruffier (AU) | 14.4 ± 4.9 | 13.6 ± 5.1 | 12.6 ± 4.8 | 0.950 |
Chair sit and reach (Cm) | −3.4 ± 10.5 | −3.2 ± 12.3 | −0.9 ± 15.0 | 0.944 |
Shoulder mobility (Cm) | 52.4 ± 9.8 | 51.2 ± 9.5 | 47.3 ± 8.6 | 0.965 |
Thirty second Seated Sit-Up (AU) | 5.8 ± 3.3 | 7.3 ± 4.0 | 7.3 ± 3.7 | 0.804 |
Thirty second Push-up (AU) | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 3.1 ± 1.5 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 0.804 |
Index of Motor Efficiency (AU) | 27.3 ± 12 | 30.7 ± 13.4 | 34.8 ± 14.1 | 0.957 |
Pre | Post | Retention | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ruffier (AU) | EG | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 1.1 |
CG | 4.8 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 0.9 | |
Thirty second Seated Sit-Up (AU) | EG | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 4.3 ± 0.6 | 4.1 ± 0.8 |
CG | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 4 ± 1 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | |
Thirty second Push-up (AU) | EG | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 0.8 |
CG | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 5.4 ± 0.9 | 4.8 ± 0.6 |
CG | EG | ||
---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
TQR | Pre | 14.5 ± 1.7 | 13.8 ± 2.2 |
Week 1 | 14.1 ± 1.4 | 13.7 ± 1.9 | |
Week 2 | 14.0 ± 1.6 | 14.2 ± 2.0 | |
Week 3 | 13.8 ± 2.0 | 14.7 ± 1.7 | |
Week 4 | 13.7 ± 1.4 | 13.8 ± 1.9 | |
Week 5 | 13.6 ± 1.7 | 14.2 ± 2.4 | |
Week 6 | 13.5 ± 2.2 | 14.2 ± 2.4 | |
Week 7 | 13.3 ± 1.7 | 14.2 ± 1.5 | |
Week 8 | 13.6 ± 1.5 | 14.1 ± 2.3 | |
Post | 14.0 ± 2.3 | 13.5 ± 2.6 | |
Retention | 14.7 ± 1.9 | 15.3 ± 2.7 | |
Training Load | Week 1 | 2980.7 ± 793.5 | 3555.6 ± 1101.7 |
Week 2 | 3210.2 ± 649.3 | 3313.9 ± 1184.3 | |
Week 3 | 2906.4 ± 838.1 | 3208.7 ± 815.8 | |
Week 4 | 3280.6 ± 660.2 | 3298.1 ± 1083.3 | |
Week 5 | 3189.4 ± 783.5 | 3284.2 ± 773.9 | |
Week 6 | 3155.3 ± 785.4 | 3469.3 ± 635.6 | |
Week 7 | 3002.3 ± 879.9 | 3316.7 ± 780.5 | |
Week 8 | 3337.4 ± 730.2 | 3375.1 ± 878.0 |
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Pre | Post | Retention | Delta 1 | Delta 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ruffier (AU) | EG | 13.1 ± 4.5 | 10.2 ± 16.2 # | 9.9 ± 3.1 | 3.4 ± 2.2 | 0.3 ± 2.4 |
CG | 14.0 ± 5.2 | 11.2 ± 10.8 # | 11.0 ± 3.6 | 2.8 ± 4 | 0.4 ± 3.6 | |
30 s Push-up (AU) | EG | 3.5 ± 1.9 | 6.6 ± 11.6 # | 5.41 ± 3.1 | 3.1 ± 2.9 | 0.6 ± 3.1 |
CG | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 6.1 ± 10.0 # | 5.7 ± 2.4 | 2.9 ± 2.5 | 0.4 ± 2.6 | |
30 s Seated Sit-Up (AU) | EG | 6.3 ± 3.2 | 9.4 ± 3.1 # | 7.8 ± 4.2 | 3.3 ± 3.2 * | 0.3 ± 2.6 |
CG | 7.0 ± 3.4 | 8.8 ± 4.0 | 9.6 ± 3.7 | 1.0 ± 2.4 | 1.0 ± 3.2 | |
Shoulder mobility (cm) | EG | 52.4 ± 9.8 | 44.0 ± 4.7 # | 46.8 ± 9.3 | 7.6 ± 5.8 * | 2.2 ± 4.7 * |
CG | 49.3 ± 8.4 | 47.0 ± 3.0 | 47.5 ± 8.4 | 0.5 ± 3.7 | 1.2 ± 3.6 | |
Chair sit and reach (cm) | EG | −5.0 ± 13.0 | −0.8 ± 10.0 # | −2.5 ± 13.6 | 5.0 ± 7.2 * | 4.6 ± 5.4 * |
CG | −0.4 ± 10.9 | 1.4 ± 11.6 | −2.2 ± 12.2 | 1.2 ± 3.6 | 0.5 ± 3.7 | |
Index of Motor Efficiency (AU) | EG | 29.4 ± 13.7 | 43.0 ± 2.3 # | 39.4 ± 16.4 | 14.4 ± 8.7 * | 3.8 ± 8.4 |
CG | 32.2 ± 11.7 | 36.0 ± 2.6 | 37.4 ± 12.5 | 3.1 ± 10.5 | 3.0 ± 10.1 |
Pre | Post | Retention | Delta 1 | Delta 2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IPAQ | Vigorous Activity (Met) | EG | 822.9 ± 1182.3 | 802 ± 1047.1 | 1294.1 ± 1729.8 | 34.0 ± 871.7 | 501.2 ± 1290.7 |
CG | 830.5 ± 789.8 | 1302.2 ± 1060.5 | 1793.7 ± 1854.5 | 377.8 ± 1311.6 | 562.4 ± 2150.7 | ||
Moderate activity (Met) | EG | 701.0 ± 1105.8 | 859.2 ± 1320.6 | 828.2 ± 1512.7 | 147.2 ± 706.1 | 140.0 ± 1905.2 | |
CG | 634.3 ± 795.2 | 377.8 ± 261.8 | 818.9 ± 966.1 | 238.9 ± 819.4 | 430.6 ± 1033.4 | ||
Walking activity (Met) | EG | 1604.6 ± 3145.3 | 1672.4 ± 3788.3 | 657.5 ± 720.4 | 40.0 ± 1235.5 | 1116.5 ± 3486.7 * | |
CG | 754.9 ± 720.4 | 815.4 ± 565.3 | 1211 ± 1086.7 | 12.8 ± 905.1 | 437.2 ± 1017.3 | ||
Sedentary activity during working day (Met) | EG | 506.8 ± 166.1 | 432.5 ± 188.0 | 411.8 ± 228.5 | 72.5 ± 154.8 | 15.9 ± 156.8 | |
CG | 488.1 ± 150.3 | 450.0 ± 137.4 | 429.5 ± 186.6 | 42.8 ± 168.6 | 28.2 ± 120.6 | ||
Sedentary activity during weekend (Met) | EG | 184.3 ± 103.7 | 153.3 ± 122.0 | 144.7 ± 108.9 | 34.3 ± 119.1 | 6.2 ± 123.3 | |
CG | 233.8 ± 188.1 | 216.7 ± 204.7 | 162.1 ± 105.3 | 29.4 ± 284.4 | 63.5 ± 188.2 | ||
Total (Met) | EG | 3128.5 ± 4781.4 | 3333.6 ± 5250.0 | 2779.8 ± 3332.9 * | 221.2 ± 1785.4 | 755.3 ± 4721.0 | |
CG | 2219.6 ± 1708.1 | 2495.4 ± 1301.2 | 3823.6 ± 2574.1 | 126.1 ± 1711.7 | 1430.1 ± 3023.0 |
Pre | Post | Delta 1 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NASA-TLX | Mental Demand | EG | 50.3 ± 28.5 | 13.0 ± 24.9 # * | 36.1 ± 44.5 |
CG | 40.3 ± 30.7 | 24.6 ± 27.0 | 15.9 ± 41.1 | ||
Physical Demand | EG | 8.6 ± 16.6 | 24.3 ± 21.5 # | 15.3 ± 25.0 | |
CG | 5.7 ± 9.0 | 19.1 ± 20.9 # | 15.6 ± 18.8 | ||
Temporal Demand | EG | 44.7 ± 27.3 | 55.5 ± 20.0 | 11.2 ± 32.6 | |
CG | 45.2 ± 25.5 | 49.2 ± 23.8 | 7.1 ± 29.1 | ||
Performance | EG | 22.0 ± 13.7 * | 19.0 ± 21.1 | 2.8 ± 23.7 * | |
CG | 32.8 ± 18.3 | 9.7 ± 12.7 # | 24.9 ± 19.1 | ||
Effort | EG | 27.2 ± 15.7 | 37.3 ± 24.4 * | 9.0 ± 30.4 * | |
CG | 20.6 ± 17.1 | 60.6 ± 24.6 # | 43.4 ± 29.9 | ||
Frustration | EG | 29.7 ± 35.2 | 34.8 ± 24.7 | 4.1 ± 35.5 | |
CG | 27.2 ± 33.1 | 34.7 ± 23.5 | 11.2 ± 34.4 | ||
Weighted sum | EG | 12.2 ± 4.1 | 12.3 ± 2.8 | 15.3 ± 25 | |
CG | 11.5 ± 4.3 | 13.2 ± 3.9 | 15.6 ± 18.8 | ||
SF-12 | PCS12 | EG | 53.5 ± 7.2 | 55.3 ± 5.2 | 1.8 ± 6.3 |
CG | 56.1 ± 5.4 | 54.7 ± 5.7 | 1.4 ± 7.0 | ||
MCS12 | EG | 37.5 ± 9.8 | 46.6 ± 8.2 # | 9.1 ± 8.0 * | |
CG | 39.2 ± 9.0 | 42.3 ± 12.2 # | 3.1 ± 13.5 |
CG | EG | ||
---|---|---|---|
Intensity | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
Sedentary minutes | Detection 1 | 2334.5 ± 321.4 | 2442.2 ± 252.6 |
Detection 2 | 2353.5 ± 165.0 | 2309.2 ± 331.6 | |
Detection 3 | 2317.3 ± 294.7 | 2343.9 ± 262.4 | |
Detection 4 | 2382.3 ± 272.5 | 2332.4 ± 269.6 | |
Light minutes | Detection 1 | 209.0 ± 55.0 | 177.2 ± 51.8 |
Detection 2 | 200.3 ± 56.3 | 189.6 ± 55.7 | |
Detection 3 | 212.1 ± 55.8 | 202.1 ± 65.9 | |
Detection 4 | 221.8 ± 46.8 | 208 ± 51.5 | |
Moderate minutes | Detection 1 | 300.9 ± 139.0 | 307.8 ± 176.7 |
Detection 2 | 281.7 ± 171.6 | 355.4 ± 124.8 #* | |
Detection 3 | 345.9 ± 200.6 | 392.9 ± 153.7 #§ | |
Detection 4 | 314.7 ± 117.3 | 425.4 ± 175.9 #§ | |
Vigorous minutes | Detection 1 | 10.3 ± 20.3 | 6.1 ± 13.1 |
Detection 2 | 6.6 ± 13.6 | 3.7 ± 5.0 | |
Detection 3 | 8.1 ± 12.1 | 4.5 ± 6.5 | |
Detection 4 | 7.3 ± 8.8 | 4.2 ± 5.5 |
Accelerometer | PT | EG—Accelerometer | EG—PT | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intensity | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
Light minutes | Detection 2 | Detection 1 | 189.6 ± 55.7 | 326.9 ± 248.1 * |
Detection 3 | Detection 2 | 202.1 ± 65.9 | 342.1 ± 175.7 * | |
Detection 4 | Detection 3 | 208 ± 51.5 | 316.8 ± 199 * | |
Moderate minutes | Detection 2 | Detection 1 | 355.4 ± 124.8 | 127.9 ± 139.8 * |
Detection 3 | Detection 2 | 392.9 ± 153.7 | 118.8 ± 82.3 * | |
Detection 4 | Detection 3 | 425.4 ± 175.9 | 74.9 ± 80.9 * | |
Vigorous minutes | Detection 2 | Detection 1 | 3.7 ± 5.0 | 15 ± 21.9 |
Detection 3 | Detection 2 | 4.5 ± 6.5 | 25 ± 50.4 | |
Detection 4 | Detection 3 | 4.2 ± 5.5 | 27.4 ± 72.3 |
App UP150—Training Diary (Mean ± SD) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Total | Inside Office | Outside Office | |
Cardiorespiratory Fitness (Min) | 314.9 ± 103.6 | 99.6 ± 59.0 | 214.8 ± 110.5 * |
Muscular Fitness (Min) | 35.1 ± 52.8 | 10.2 ± 7.8 | 25.0 ± 52.2 |
Flexibility Fitness (Min) | 8.3 ± 8.5 | 4.9 ± 4.2 | 3.4 ± 5.4 |
Combined Fitness (Min) | 35.2 ± 46.7 | 8.9 ± 7.0 | 26.3 ± 44.2 |
Total (Min) | 394.8 ± 132.6 | 124.2 ± 65.6 | 269.9 ± 149.4 * |
Cardiorespiratory Fitness (Points) | 346.8 ± 103.7 | 112.3 ± 61.8 | 233.9 ± 115.4 * |
Muscular Fitness (Points) | 47.9 ± 70.2 | 13.0 ± 9.7 | 34.8 ± 70.3 |
Flexibility Fitness (Points) | 9.2 ± 9.4 | 5.5 ± 4.8 | 3.7 ± 6.0 |
Combined Fitness (Points) | 62.1 ± 73.4 | 12.7 ± 12.7 | 49.4 ± 68.8 * |
Total score (Points) | 467.3 ± 149.9 | 144.2 ± 74.4 | 322.3 ± 175.6 * |
Target score (Points) | 191.9 ± 29.7 |
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Invernizzi, P.L.; Signorini, G.; Scurati, R.; Michielon, G.; Benedini, S.; Bosio, A.; Staiano, W. The UP150: A Multifactorial Environmental Intervention to Promote Employee Physical and Mental Well-Being. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031175
Invernizzi PL, Signorini G, Scurati R, Michielon G, Benedini S, Bosio A, Staiano W. The UP150: A Multifactorial Environmental Intervention to Promote Employee Physical and Mental Well-Being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(3):1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031175
Chicago/Turabian StyleInvernizzi, Pietro Luigi, Gabriele Signorini, Raffaele Scurati, Giovanni Michielon, Stefano Benedini, Andrea Bosio, and Walter Staiano. 2022. "The UP150: A Multifactorial Environmental Intervention to Promote Employee Physical and Mental Well-Being" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3: 1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031175