The Impact of Air Pollution Perception on Urban Settlement Intentions of Young Talent in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Hypotheses Formulation
2.1. Impact of Air Pollution Perception on the Urban Settlement Intentions of Young Talent
2.2. The Mediating Role of Residential Satisfaction between Air Pollution Perception and the Urban Settlement Intentions of Young Talent
2.2.1. Air Pollution Perception and Urban Residential Satisfaction
2.2.2. Residential Satisfaction and the Urban Settlement Intention of Young Talent
2.2.3. Residential Satisfaction Plays an Intermediary Role in the Impact of Air Pollution Perception on the Urban Settlement Intentions of Young Talent
2.2.4. The Moderating Role of Place Attachment in the Relationship between Residential Satisfaction and Urban Settlement Intentions
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data Collection
3.2. Measurement
4. Results
4.1. Reliability and Validity Tests of the Questionnaire
4.2. Testing the Main Effect
4.3. Testing the Mediating Effects
4.4. Testing the Moderating Effects
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Statistical Indicators | Ratio |
---|---|
Gender | |
Male | 55.5% |
Female | 44.5% |
Age (years) | |
Below 22 | 2.3% |
Between 22 and 27 | 32.1% |
Between 27 and 35 | 42.7% |
Above 35 | 22.9% |
Education | |
Junior college | 18.2% |
Bachelor | 59.0% |
Master | 17.8% |
Ph.D. | 5.0% |
Hometown | |
Hangzhou | 19.8% |
Outside Hangzhou but within Zhejiang | 34.2% |
Outside Zhejiang or China | 46.0% |
City of final graduation | |
Zhejiang | 48.6% |
Outside Zhejiang | 51.4% |
Annual income (CNY) | |
Below 80,000 | 28.9% |
Between 80,000 and 150,000 | 38.2% |
Between 150,000 and 250,000 | 18.2% |
Between 250,000 and 350,000 | 7.6% |
Above 350,000 | 7.1% |
Variable | Mean | S.D. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Air pollution perception | 2.562 | 1.009 | 0.690 | |||
Place attachment | 3.773 | 0.625 | 0.616 *** | 0.800 | ||
Residential satisfaction | 3.821 | 0.759 | 0.218 *** | 0.284 *** | 0.075 | |
Urban settlement intention | 3.800 | 0.721 | 0.451 *** | 0.437 *** | 0.511 *** | 0.780 |
Variable | Urban Settlement Intention | Residential Satisfaction | Urban Settlement Intention | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | |
Key variable | ||||||
Air pollution perception | −0.077 ** (0.031) | −0.167 *** (0.031) | −0.012 (0.027) | |||
Mediating variable | ||||||
Residential satisfaction | 0.530 *** (0.027) | 0.532 *** (0.027) | ||||
Control variable | ||||||
Gender | −0.137 ** (0.061) | −0.139 ** (0.061) | −0.166 (0.062) | −0.169 ** (0.061) | −0.049 (0.052) | −0.049 (0.052) |
Age | 0.091 * (0.050) | 0.090 ** (0.050) | 0.084 * (0.050) | 0.082 * (0.050) | 0.046 (0.042) | 0.045 (0.038) |
Edu1 | −0.137 * (0.179) | −0.143 * (0.079) | −0.001 (0.080) | −0.013 (0.079) | −0.137 ** (0.066) | −0.136 (0.067) |
Edu2 | −0.112 (0.103) | −0.116 (0.103) | −0.021 (0.104) | −0.029 (0.103) | −0.101 (0.087) | 0.100 (0.087) |
Edu3 | 0.047 (0.160) | 0.041 (0.160) | 0.090 (0.162) | 0.079 (0.060) | −0.001 (0.035) | 0.001 (0.135) |
Time spent in Hangzhou | 0.033 (0.035) | 0.030 ** (0.035) | 0.006 (0.035) | 0.013 (0.035) | 0.037 ** (0.029) | 0.037 ** (0.029) |
Annual income | 0.029 (0.031) | 0.032 (0.031) | 0.034 (0.032) | 0.041 (0.031) | 0.011 (0.026) | 0.010 (0.026) |
Career development expectations | 0.465 *** (0.032) | 0.433 *** (0.034) | 0.432 *** (0.032) | 0.363 *** (0.034) | 0.236 *** (0.029) | 0.240 *** (0.031) |
Family and friends | 0.433 ** (0.090) | 0.430 *** (0.085) | 0.136 ** (0.043) | 0.113 ** (0.087) | 0.237 ** (0.079) | 0.337 ** (0.093) |
Constant | −1.808 *** (0.170) | −1.696 *** (0.175) | −1.875 *** (0.172) | −1.632 *** (0.176) | −0.815 ** (0.152) | −0.828 (0.155) |
R2 | 0.188 | 0.193 | 0.166 | 0.190 | 0.421 | 0.422 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.181 | 0.185 | 0.159 | 0.183 | 0.416 | 0.414 |
ΔR2 | -- | 0.05 *** | -- | 0.024 *** | 0.233 *** | 0.001 *** |
F | 28.274 *** | 25.948 *** | 24.387 *** | 25.485 *** | 359.169 *** | 10.200 * |
VIF | 1.880 | 1.879 | 1.879 | 1.880 | 1.879 | 1.880 |
Variable | Residential Satisfaction | Urban Settlement Intention | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 7 | Model 8 | Model 9 | Model 10 | |
Key variable | −0.078 ** (0.033) | −0.077 ** (0.033) | ||
Air pollution perception | −0.078 ** (0.033) | −0.077 ** (0.033) | ||
Moderating variable | ||||
Place attachment | 0.271 *** (0.040) | 0.273 *** (0.042) | 0.114 *** (0.023) | 0.123 *** (0.024) |
Mediating variable | ||||
Residential satisfaction | 0.357 *** (0.020) | 0.361 *** (0.020) | ||
Interaction | 0.004 (0.025) | 0.024 ** (0.013) | ||
Control variable | ||||
Gender | −0.148 ** (0.059) | −0.113 ** (0.045) | −0.032 (0.037) | −0.033 (0.037) |
Age | 0.050 (0.049) | 0.038 (0.037) | 0.021 (0.030) | 0.020 (0.033) |
Edu1 | −0.048 (0.077) | 0.036 (0.059) | 0.116 ** (0.047) | 0.117 ** (0.047) |
Edu2 | −0.062 (0.101) | 0.047 (0.076) | 0.041 (0.097) | 0.092 * (0.062) |
Edu3 | 0.014 (0.040) | 0.013 (0.119) | 0.089 (0.062) | 0.045 (0.097) |
Time spent in Hangzhou | 0.003 (0.034) | 0.002 (0.026) | 0.029 * (0.021) | 0.028 * (0.021) |
Annual income | 0.051 * (0.031) | 0.039 * (0.023) | 0.014 (0.019) | 0.014 (0.019) |
Career development expectations | 0.214 *** (0.040) | 0.213 *** (0.040) | 0.103 *** (0.025) | 0.100 *** (0.025) |
Family and friends | 0.211 ** (0.097) | 0.330 ** (0.091) | 0.235 ** (0.089) | 0.326 ** (0.063) |
Constant | 0.949 (0.198) | −0.950 *** (0.199) | 3.513 *** (0.124) | 3.516 *** (0.123) |
R2 | 0.227 | 0.227 | 0.306 | 0.438 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.219 | 0.219 | 0.301 | 0.431 |
ΔR2 | 0.061 | 0.00 | 0.118 | 0.132 |
F | 28.717 *** | 26.082 | 75.341 *** | 68.948 *** |
VIF | 1.981 | 2.227 | 1.885 | 1.888 |
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Yao, L.; Li, X.; Zheng, R.; Zhang, Y. The Impact of Air Pollution Perception on Urban Settlement Intentions of Young Talent in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031080
Yao L, Li X, Zheng R, Zhang Y. The Impact of Air Pollution Perception on Urban Settlement Intentions of Young Talent in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(3):1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031080
Chicago/Turabian StyleYao, Lianying, Xuewen Li, Rongrong Zheng, and Yiye Zhang. 2022. "The Impact of Air Pollution Perception on Urban Settlement Intentions of Young Talent in China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3: 1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031080