Triptolide Attenuates Muscular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Animal Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. DOMS Animal Model
2.2. In Vivo Study Design
2.3. Pain Behavior Test
2.4. Serum Biochemical Analysis
2.5. Western Blot
2.6. Measuring Lipid Peroxidation Level in Muscle
2.7. Measuring Muscular Glutathione (GSH) Level
2.8. Measuring Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Muscles
2.9. Measuring Nitrite Concentration
2.10. Histological Evaluation of Muscular Injury
2.11. Measuring Hepatic MPO Activity
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Triptolide Reduces Pain, Serum LDH and CPK Levels without Affecting Hepatic Function in the DOMS Rat Model
3.2. Triptolide Suppresses NO, iNOS, Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS), and MPO Expression and Oxidative Stress in the DOMS Rat Model
3.3. Triptolide Decreases Expression Levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, Nuclear NF-ĸB, and Leukocyte Infiltration in the DOMS Rat Model
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hsu, C.-C.; Tsai, C.-C.; Ko, P.-Y.; Kwan, T.-H.; Liu, M.-Y.; Wu, P.-T.; Jou, I.-M. Triptolide Attenuates Muscular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Animal Model. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 16685. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416685
Hsu C-C, Tsai C-C, Ko P-Y, Kwan T-H, Liu M-Y, Wu P-T, Jou I-M. Triptolide Attenuates Muscular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Animal Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(24):16685. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416685
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsu, Che-Chia, Chin-Chuan Tsai, Po-Yen Ko, Ting-Hsien Kwan, Ming-Yie Liu, Po-Ting Wu, and I-Ming Jou. 2022. "Triptolide Attenuates Muscular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Animal Model" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24: 16685. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416685