Effect of the Kangaroo Mother Method after Preterm Delivery on Maternal Stress and Anxiety in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Study Procedures and Outcome Variables
2.3. Sample Size Estimation
2.4. Statistical Analyses
2.5. Ethical Aspects and Review Board Approval
3. Results
3.1. Demographic and Clinical Features
3.2. Questionnaires Applied
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Intervention Group (n = 56) n (%), Mean ± SD | Control Group (n = 56) n (%), Mean ± SD | p-Value * | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mothers’ variables | ||||
Mothers’ age (years) | 32.8 ± 5.6 | 33.2 ± 5.3 | 0.7 b | |
Previous pregnancies | 1.6 ± 1.5 | 1.1 ± 1.3 | 0.3 b | |
Previous abortions | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.6 b | |
Multiple births | No | 38 (33.9) | 36 (32.1) | 0.7 a |
Yes | 18 (16.1) | 20 (8.9) | ||
Smoker | No | 47 (42.0) | 48 (42.9) | 0.8 a |
Yes | 6 (5.4) | 5 (4.5) | ||
Infants’ variables | ||||
Gender | Male | 28 (25) | 36 (32.1) | 0.1 a |
Female | 28 (25) | 20 (17.9) | ||
Gestational age (weeks) | 31.1 ± 1.8 | 30.38 ± 2.0 | 0.1 a | |
Weight at birth (g) | 1408.9 ± 301.7 | 1327.6 ± 292.0 | 0.2 a |
PSS: NICU: Mean NICU Scores before and after Stress for KMM and Control Groups. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | p-Value * | Mean ± SD | p-Value * | ||
Sights and sounds | Intervention | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 0.2 a | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 0.7 a |
Control | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | |||
Baby’s behavior and appearance | Intervention | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 0.1 a | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 0.9 a |
Control | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | |||
Relationship with the baby and her role as a mother | Intervention | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 0.9 a | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 0.6 a |
Control | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 01.0 | |||
Overall score | Intervention | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 0.5 a | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 0.7 a |
Control | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | |||
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI S/T | |||||
STAI State | Intervention | 54.5 ± 3.8 | 1.0 a | 51.4 ± 4.1 | 0.6 a |
Control | 54.8 ± 3.2 | 52.0 ± 3.9 | |||
STAI Trait | Intervention | 46.7 ± 4.0 | 1.0 a | 44.3 ± 6.4 | 0.3 a |
Control | 46.9 ± 5.1 | 44.4 ± 4.2 |
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Cristóbal-Cañadas, D.; Parrón-Carreño, T.; Nievas-Soriano, B.J. Effect of the Kangaroo Mother Method after Preterm Delivery on Maternal Stress and Anxiety in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 16432. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416432
Cristóbal-Cañadas D, Parrón-Carreño T, Nievas-Soriano BJ. Effect of the Kangaroo Mother Method after Preterm Delivery on Maternal Stress and Anxiety in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(24):16432. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416432
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristóbal-Cañadas, Delia, Tesifón Parrón-Carreño, and Bruno José Nievas-Soriano. 2022. "Effect of the Kangaroo Mother Method after Preterm Delivery on Maternal Stress and Anxiety in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cohort Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24: 16432. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416432