Are E-Cigarette and Tea Cigarette Gifting Behaviors Associated with Tobacco Use and Failed Quit Attempts in China?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Demographic Characteristics Associated with Gifting E-Cigarettes/Tea Cigarettes
3.2. Gifting E-Cigarettes/Tea Cigarettes Associated with Cigarette Smoking Behavior and Quitting Failure
4. Discussion
4.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Gifting Alternative Cigarette Products Practices
4.2. The Gifting Practice Association with Current Smoking and Failed Quit Attempt
4.3. Policy Implications
4.4. Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | n (%) | Gifting E-Cigarettes | Gifting Tea Cigarettes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Offering | Receiving | Offering | Receiving | ||||||
n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | ||
36 (2.4) | 48 (3.2) | 456 (30.2) | 474 (31.3) | ||||||
Age | 0.126 | 0.081 | 0.175 | 0.008 ** | |||||
<45 | 336 (22.2) | 13 (3.9) | 17 (5.1) | 90 (26.8) | 82 (24.4) | ||||
45–49 | 593 (39.2) | 12 (2.0) | 15 (2.5) | 193 (32.5) | 196 (33.1) | ||||
50+ | 583 (38.6) | 11 (1.9) | 16 (2.7) | 173 (29.7) | 196 (33.6) | ||||
Gender | 0.568 | 0.358 | 0.021 * | 0.004 ** | |||||
Male | 1248 (82.5) | 31 (2.5) | 42 (3.4) | 392 (31.4) | 411 (32.9) | ||||
Female | 264 (17.5) | 5 (1.9) | 6 (2.3) | 64 (24.2) | 63 (23.9) | ||||
Marital status | 0.049 * | 0.048 * | <0.001 ** | 0.001 ** | |||||
Married | 1334 (88.2) | 28 (2.1) | 38 (2.8) | 426 (31.9) | 439 (32.9) | ||||
Unmarried | 178 (11.8) | 8 (4.5) | 10 (5.6) | 30 (16.9) | 35 (19.7) | ||||
Place of residence | 0.742 | 0.929 | 0.683 | 0.326 | |||||
Rural area | 715 (47.3) | 18 (2.5) | 23 (3.2) | 212 (29.7) | 233 (32.6) | ||||
Urban area | 797 (52.7) | 18 (2.3) | 25 (3.1) | 244 (30.6) | 241 (30.2) | ||||
Education | 0.354 | 0.635 | 0.022 * | 0.015 * | |||||
Elementary school or less | 282 (18.7) | 6 (2.1) | 8 (2.8) | 80 (28.4) | 85 (30.1) | ||||
Junior high school | 595 (39.4) | 19 (3.2) | 22 (3.7) | 201 (33.8) | 214 (36.0) | ||||
High school | 353 (23.3) | 5 (1.4) | 8 (2.3) | 108 (30.6) | 100 (28.3) | ||||
Junior college, college, or higher | 282 (18.7) | 6 (2.1) | 10 (3.5) | 67 (23.8) | 75 (26.6) | ||||
Occupation | 0.066 | 0.001 ** | 0.083 | 0.054 | |||||
Manager/Owner | 31 (2.1) | 3 (9.7) | 4 (12.9) | 16 (51.6) | 17 (54.8) | ||||
White-collar | 244 (16.1) | 4 (1.6) | 3 (1.2) | 68 (27.9) | 72 (29.5) | ||||
Blue-collar | 670 (44.3) | 7 (3.1) | 13 (5.7) | 72 (31.4) | 70 (30.6) | ||||
Service class | 229 (15.1) | 13 (1.9) | 21 (3.1) | 194 (29.0) | 216 (32.2) | ||||
Irregular employee | 338 (22.4) | 9 (2.7) | 7 (2.1) | 106 (31.4) | 99 (29.3) | ||||
Household annual income (yuan) | 0.618 | 0.968 | 0.207 | 0.037 * | |||||
<20,000 | 494 (32.7) | 10 (2.0) | 15 (3.0) | 137 (27.7) | 143 (28.9) | ||||
20,000–49,999 | 479 (31.7) | 12 (2.5) | 15 (3.1) | 150 (31.3) | 149 (31.1) | ||||
50,000–79,999 | 208 (13.8) | 6 (2.9) | 7 (3.4) | 56 (26.9) | 56 (26.9) | ||||
80,000–99,999 | 122 (8.1) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (2.5) | 45 (36.9) | 47 (38.5) | ||||
100,000+ | 209 (13.8) | 7 (3.3) | 8 (3.8) | 68 (32.5) | 79 (37.8) | ||||
Province | <0.001 ** | 0.001 ** | 0.027 * | 0.002 ** | |||||
Guangdong | 982 (64.9) | 10 (1.0) | 14 (1.4) | 315 (32.1) | 334 (34.0) | ||||
Shaanxi | 530 (35.1) | 26 (4.9) | 34 (6.4) | 141 (26.6) | 140 (26.4) | ||||
Smoking status | <0.001 ** | 0.001 ** | 0.143 | 0.002 ** | |||||
Daily smoker | 501 (33.1) | 14 (2.8) | 22 (4.4) | 162 (32.3) | 183 (36.5) | ||||
Occasional smoker | 133 (8.8) | 11 (8.3) | 14 (10.5) | 46 (34.6) | 47 (35.3) | ||||
Nonsmoker | 878 (58.1) | 11 (1.3) | 12 (1.4) | 248 (28.2) | 244 (27.8) | ||||
Social participation | 0.004 ** | 0.004 ** | 0.003 ** | 0.002 ** | |||||
High score | 696 (46.0) | 25 (3.6) | 32 (4.6) | 236 (33.9) | 246 (35.3) | ||||
Low score | 816 (54.0) | 11 (1.3) | 16 (2.0) | 220 (27.0) | 228 (27.9) |
Gifting E-Cigarettes Odds Ratio (95%C. I.) | Gifting Tea Cigarettes Odds Ratio (95%C. I.) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Offering | Receiving | Offering | Receiving | |
Marital status | / | / | ||
Married | / | / | 2.41 (1.60–3.63) ** | 1.88 (1.27–2.79) ** |
Unmarried | / | / | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Occupation | / | / | / | / |
Manager/Owner | / | 1.00 | / | / |
White-collar | / | 0.10 (0.02–0.52) ** | / | / |
Blue-collar | / | 0.78 (0.22–2.82) | / | / |
Service class | / | 0.40 (0.12–1.37) | / | / |
Irregular employed | / | 0.30 (0.08–1.18) | / | / |
Province | / | / | / | |
Shaanxi | 3.91 (1.83–8.38) ** | 4.16 (2.13–8.11) ** | / | 0.65 (0.51–0.83) * |
Guangdong | 1.00 | 1.00 | / | 1.00 |
Smoking status | / | |||
Daily smoker | 1.89 (0.84–4.25) | 2.52 (1.21–5.25) * | / | 1.57 (1.24–2.00) ** |
Occasional smoker | 4.20 (1.72–10.27) ** | 4.72 (2.03–10.97) ** | / | 1.55 (1.04–2.32) * |
Nonsmoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | / | 1.00 |
Social participation | / | |||
High score | 2.51 (1.21–5.20) * | 2.23 (1.17–4.28) * | 1.44 (1.15–1.80) ** | 1.46 (1.17–1.82) ** |
Low score | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Model 1#: Current Smoking Status among All Participants (N = 1512) | Model 2#: Quitting Failure Status among Previous Cessation Attempter (n = 571) | |
---|---|---|
Gifting e-cigarettes | ||
Offering | ||
Yes | 1.09 (0.37–3.16) | 0.90 (0.21–3.97) |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Receiving | ||
Yes | 3.43 (1.30–9.09) * | 9.85 (1.11–87.21) ** |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Gifting tea cigarettes | ||
Offering | ||
Yes | 0.76 (0.53–1.10) | 0.59 (0.31–1.10) |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Receiving | ||
Yes | 1.70 (1.19–2.42) ** | 1.92 (1.03–3.57) * |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
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Zhou, H.; Hoe, C.; Zhang, W.; Yang, X.; Li, M.; Wu, D. Are E-Cigarette and Tea Cigarette Gifting Behaviors Associated with Tobacco Use and Failed Quit Attempts in China? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15333. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215333
Zhou H, Hoe C, Zhang W, Yang X, Li M, Wu D. Are E-Cigarette and Tea Cigarette Gifting Behaviors Associated with Tobacco Use and Failed Quit Attempts in China? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(22):15333. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215333
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Huan, Connie Hoe, Weifang Zhang, Xiaozhao Yang, Mingyan Li, and Dan Wu. 2022. "Are E-Cigarette and Tea Cigarette Gifting Behaviors Associated with Tobacco Use and Failed Quit Attempts in China?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22: 15333. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215333
APA StyleZhou, H., Hoe, C., Zhang, W., Yang, X., Li, M., & Wu, D. (2022). Are E-Cigarette and Tea Cigarette Gifting Behaviors Associated with Tobacco Use and Failed Quit Attempts in China? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 15333. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215333