Sexual Harassments Related to Alcohol and Drugs Intake: The Experience of the Rape Centre of Turin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Toxicological Findings
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Population Enrolled
3.2. Characteristics of Alcohol/Drug Intake, Time Elapsed from Rape and Medical Examination, Features of the Event
3.3. Clinical Presentation
3.4. Reporting to the Judicial Authorities
3.5. Toxicological Findings
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographics | Number (% of the Total) |
---|---|
Age | |
14–17 | 25 (11.3) |
18–19 | 41 (18.5) |
20–29 | 84 (37.8) |
30–39 | 37 (16.7) |
40–49 | 24 (10.8) |
>50 | 10 (4.5) |
Unknown | 1 (0.4) |
Total | 222 |
Nationality | |
Italian | 141 (63.5) |
European, other | 30 (13.5) |
African | 18 (8.1) |
North American | 5 (2.3) |
Central-South American | 26 (11.7) |
Asian | 2 (0.9) |
Total | 222 |
Consumption Reported in the Medical Records | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alcohol (%) | Both Alcohol and Drugs (%) | Drugs (%) | No Intake (%) | No Data in the Report (%) | |
Total (% out of 222) | 86 (38.7) | 33 (14.9) | 36 (16.2) | 4 (1.8) | 63 (28.4) |
Time elapsed | |||||
<6 h | 3 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (8.3) | 3 (75.0) | 8 (12.7) |
6–12 h | 36 (41.9) | 12 (36.4) | 3 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (19.0) |
12–24 h | 19 (22.1) | 7 (21.2) | 9 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (12.7) |
24–48 h | 12 (14) | 2 (6.1) | 5 (13.9) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (6.3) |
>48 h | 13 (15.1) | 9 (27.3) | 14 (38.9) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (30.2) |
No data available | 3 (3.5) | 3 (9.1) | 2 (5.6) | 1 (25.0) | 12 (19.0) |
Age range | |||||
14–17 | 2 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (22.2) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (22.2) |
18–19 | 19 (22.1) | 11 (33.3) | 5 (13.9) | 1 (25.0) | 5 (7.9) |
20–29 | 45 (52.3) | 8 (24.2) | 11 (30.6) | 1 (25.0) | 19 (30.2) |
30–39 | 12 (14.0) | 11 (33.0) | 4 (11.1) | 1 (25.0) | 10 (15.9) |
40–49 | 8 (9.3) | 3 (9.1) | 4 (11.1) | 1 (25.0) | 8 (12.7) |
>50 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (11.1) |
No data available | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Perpetrators | |||||
Unknown man | 3 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (10.3) | 2 (50.0) | 19 (30.2) |
Partner | 29 (33.7) | 10 (30.3) | 3 (7.7) | 2 (50.0) | 6 (9.5) |
Known man | 28 (32.6) | 12 (36.4) | 16 (41) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (30.2) |
More assailants, known | 2 (2.3) | 5 (15.2) | 5 (13.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.6) |
More assailants, unknown | 16 (18.6) | 4 (12.1) | 5 (13.2) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (15.9) |
No data available | 8 (9.3) | 2 (6.1) | 5 (13.2) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (12.7) |
Injuries | |||||
Injuries | 83 (96.5) | 32 (97.0) | 16 (44.4) | 2 (50.0) | 23 (36.5) |
No injuries | 2 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 36 (57.1) |
No data available | 1 (1.2) | 1 (3.0) | 2 (5.6) | 2 (50.0) | 4 (6.3) |
Age Range | 14–17 n = 25 (11.3) | 18–19 n = 41 (18.4) | 20–29 n = 84 (37.8) | 30–39 n = 37 (16.7) | 40–49 n = 24 (10.8) | >50 n = 10 (4.5) | No Data Available n = 1 (0.5) | Total Lesions (% out of 222) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Head/neck | 2 | 13 | 24 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 48 (21.6) |
Trunk | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 (2.7) |
Upper limbs | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 (4.5) |
Lower limbs | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 (4.5) |
Erogenous zones | 1 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 14 (6.3) |
Multiple area, but no erogenous zones | 3 | 5 | 16 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 42 (18.9) |
Multiple area and erogenous zones | 1 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 25 (11.3) |
No injuries | 13 | 6 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 56 (25.2) |
No data available | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 (4.5) |
Typology of the Aggressor | Unknown Man n = 28 (12.6) | Partner n = 52 (23.4) | Known Man n = 75 (33.8) | More Aggressors, Known n = 13 (5.9) | More Aggressors, Unknown n = 34 (15.3) | No Data Available n = 20 (9.0) | Total Lesions (% out of 222) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Head/neck | 1 | 22 | 16 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 48 (21.6) |
Trunk | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 8 (3.6) |
Upper limbs | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 12 (5.4) |
Lower limbs | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 10 (4.5) |
Erogenous regions | 1 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 14 (6.3) |
Multiple area, but no erogenous regions | 4 | 10 | 16 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 43 (19.4) |
Multiple area and erogenous regions | 3 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 25 (11.3) |
No injuries | 15 | 3 | 22 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 56 (25.2) |
No data available | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 10 (4.5) |
Toxicological Results | Number of Women (%) |
---|---|
Negative results | 81 (36.5) |
Only alcohol | 21 (9.5) |
Only one drug | 48 (21.6) |
Multiple drugs | 26 (11.7) |
Alcohol and drugs | 18 (8.1) |
Alcohol and medications that do not affect the CNS | 1 (0.4) |
Drugs and medications that do not affect the CNS | 27 (12.2) |
Toxicological Findings | Number of Positive Tests |
---|---|
Sedatives | 48 |
Alcohol | 40 |
Medicaments that do not affect the CNS | 39 |
Cannabinoids | 33 |
Anaesthetics | 32 |
Antidepressants | 15 |
Opioids | 12 |
Antipsychotics | 11 |
Other medicaments that affect the CNS | 2 |
Variable | Toxicological Analysis for Alcohol | Univariate Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Negative | Positive | OR (IC 95%) | OR (IC 95%) | |
Italian Yes No | 59 (63.4%) 40 (87.0%) | 34 (36.6%) 6 (13.0%) | 3.8 (1.4–10.3) | 0.3 (0.1–2.4) |
Age class 14–19 years 20–39 years ≥40 years | 22 (66.7%) 62 (73.8%) 15 (68.2%) | 11 (33.3%) 22 (26.2%) 7 (31.8%) | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) 0.9 (0.3–3.0) | -- -- |
Knowing her aggressor Yes No | 62 (70.5%) 26 (72.2%) | 26 (29.6%) 10 (27.8%) | 1.1 (0.5–2.6) | -- |
Declared assumption of alcohol Yes No | 44 (55.0%) 25 (96.2%) | 36 (45.0%) 1 (3.9%) | 20.5 (2.2–187.4) | 19.6 (1.5–259.1) |
Medical examination within 48 h Yes No | 60 (62.5%) 30 (93.8%) | 36 (37.5%) 2 (6.3%) | 9.0 (1.9–43.1) | 6.1 (1.2–31.6) |
Amnesia Yes No | 59 (64.8%) 30 (83.3%) | 32 (35.2%) 6 (16.7%) | 2.7 (1.0–7.3) | 1.8 (0.6–6.0) |
Physical lesions Yes No | 70 (65.4%) 27 (90.0%) | 37 (34.6%) 3 (10.0%) | 4.8 (1.3–17.4) | 2.1 (0.1–46.6) |
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Mognetti, B.; Bo, M.; Berta, G.N.; Canavese, A.; Castagna, P.; Collini, F.; Santa, V.; Salomone, A.; Gino, S. Sexual Harassments Related to Alcohol and Drugs Intake: The Experience of the Rape Centre of Turin. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15090. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215090
Mognetti B, Bo M, Berta GN, Canavese A, Castagna P, Collini F, Santa V, Salomone A, Gino S. Sexual Harassments Related to Alcohol and Drugs Intake: The Experience of the Rape Centre of Turin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(22):15090. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215090
Chicago/Turabian StyleMognetti, Barbara, Marco Bo, Giovanni Nicolao Berta, Antonella Canavese, Paola Castagna, Federica Collini, Veronica Santa, Alberto Salomone, and Sarah Gino. 2022. "Sexual Harassments Related to Alcohol and Drugs Intake: The Experience of the Rape Centre of Turin" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22: 15090. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215090