Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Exacerbation of Depressive Symptoms for Social Frailty from the ORANGE Registry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Criteria for the Diagnosis of Social Frailty
2.3. Assessment and Outcome
2.3.1. Components of NCGG-FAT
2.3.2. Components of TDAS
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Status | Robust | Social Prefrailty | Social Frailty | p Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 63 | n = 29 | n = 11 | |||||
Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | ||
Age (years) | 73.5 | 8.0 | 74.5 | 10.0 | 71.0 | 8.0 | 0.380 |
Gender (n) | Male 46, Female 17 | Male 20, Female 9 | Male 6, Female 5 | 0.464 | |||
Medication (n) | 2.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 0.265 |
Education (years) | 12.0 | 3.0 | 12.0 | 3.0 | 12.5 | 3.0 | 0.363 |
UWS (m/s) | 1.16 | 0.27 | 1.15 | 0.31 | 1.11 | 0.19 | 0.528 |
GS (kg) | 23.6 | 8.7 | 24.7 | 8.8 | 24.9 | 10.3 | 0.898 |
WM (score) | 12.7 | 4.3 | 11.7 | 5.3 | 13.0 | 6.3 | 0.170 |
TMT-A (s) | 20.0 | 7.0 | 24.0 | 12.0 | 19.5 | 6.0 | 0.306 |
TMT-B (s) | 37.5 | 27.0 | 40.0 | 21.0 | 33.0 | 15.0 | 0.454 |
SDST (score) | 41.5 | 14.0 | 38.0 | 24.0 | 41.5 | 11.0 | 0.341 |
TDAS (score) | 3.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 6.0 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 0.266 |
GDS-15 (score) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 0.021 * |
Robust | Social Prefrailty | Social Frailty | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of the participants (n) | 63 | 29 | 11 | 103 |
Living alone (% yes) | 0 | 6.9 | 0 | 1.9 |
Talking with someone everyday (% no) | 0 | 6.9 | 9.1 | 2.9 |
Feeling helpful to friends or family (% no) | 0 | 0 | 100 | 10.7 |
Going out less frequently compared with last year (% yes) | 0 | 86.2 | 27.3 | 27.2 |
Visiting friends sometimes (% no) | 0 | 0 | 100 | 10.7 |
Groups | Social Prefrail (n = 29) | Social Frailty (n = 11) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds | 95%CI | p Value | Odds | 95%CI | p Value | |||
Age (years) | 0.96 | 0.86 | 1.08 | 0.53 | 0.94 | 0.77 | 1.14 | 0.54 |
Gender (female/male) | 3.30 | 0.60 | 1.82 | 0.17 | 3.25 | 0.22 | 1.47 | 0.39 |
Medication (n) | 1.01 | 0.85 | 1.20 | 0.90 | 1.11 | 0.82 | 1.51 | 0.50 |
Education (years) | 0.97 | 0.75 | 1.27 | 0.84 | 1.27 | 0.80 | 2.04 | 0.31 |
UWS (m/s) | 0.37 | 0.02 | 5.68 | 0.48 | 0.89 | 0.06 | 6.53 | 0.31 |
GS (kg) | 0.93 | 0.84 | 1.05 | 0.24 | 0.95 | 0.80 | 1.14 | 0.59 |
WM (score) | 0.83 | 0.67 | 1.04 | 0.11 | 1.23 | 0.86 | 1.74 | 0.26 |
TMT-A (s) | 1.05 | 0.96 | 1.14 | 0.31 | 0.96 | 0.78 | 1.19 | 0.73 |
TMT-B (s) | 0.98 | 0.94 | 1.02 | 0.23 | 0.98 | 0.92 | 1.04 | 0.45 |
SDST (score) | 0.99 | 0.92 | 1.06 | 0.73 | 0.98 | 0.88 | 1.09 | 0.69 |
TDAS (score) | 0.91 | 0.78 | 1.07 | 0.25 | 1.20 | 0.95 | 1.51 | 0.12 |
GDS-15 (score) | 0.91 | 0.71 | 1.18 | 0.48 | 1.57 | 1.15 | 2.13 | 0.001 * |
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Kodama, A.; Kume, Y.; Lee, S.; Makizako, H.; Shimada, H.; Takahashi, T.; Ono, T.; Ota, H. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Exacerbation of Depressive Symptoms for Social Frailty from the ORANGE Registry. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020986
Kodama A, Kume Y, Lee S, Makizako H, Shimada H, Takahashi T, Ono T, Ota H. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Exacerbation of Depressive Symptoms for Social Frailty from the ORANGE Registry. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(2):986. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020986
Chicago/Turabian StyleKodama, Ayuto, Yu Kume, Sangyoon Lee, Hyuma Makizako, Hiroyuki Shimada, Tomoko Takahashi, Tsuyoshi Ono, and Hidetaka Ota. 2022. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Exacerbation of Depressive Symptoms for Social Frailty from the ORANGE Registry" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2: 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020986