The Evaluation of Orthotics in Reducing Hallux Valgus Angle in Patients with Hallux Valgus over a Twelve-Month Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Criteria
2.3. Orthotics
2.4. Procedure
2.5. Measuring Device
2.6. Measuring Method for Determining HVA Using the Measurement Device
- (a)
- Participants sat barefoot, keeping a straight back on a chair. The chair was adjusted to ensure that the participant’s lower leg was vertical and at 90° relative to the upper leg. The participant’s feet were placed flat on the floor without bearing body weight (Figure 3a).
- (b)
- A piece of A4 blank paper was placed underneath the foot of the participant. The new tool, called the right-angle wooden ruler, which was designed by the researcher and made by a carpenter, was used to keep the foot steady and to ensure that the heel and lateral foot shape were positioned at a 90° angle. The outside of the foot and the heel were placed as close as possible to the right-angle wooden ruler (Figure 3b).
- (c)
- Three prominent points on the foot were located: the metatarsal phalange joint, the interphalangeal joint, and the navicular. These three points were marked using a cross on the foot to be measured (Figure 3c).
- (d)
- The new measurement device was used to trace the outline of the foot from the heel to the end of the big toe (Figure 3d). The foot shape outline was traced on the A4 paper.
- (e)
- A set square was used to record each of three prominent points (the medial border of the soft tissue of the big toe, the ball of the big toe, and the medial border of the heel) on the A4 paper (Figure 3e).
- (f)
- A traced outline of the foot marked with the three prominent points was obtained on the A4 paper (Figure 3f).
- (g)
- A ruler was used to draw two tangent lines by connecting the most prominent points between the metatarsal phalange joint and the navicular, as well as between the metatarsal phalange joint and the phalanges joint. Two tangent lines were extended to meet each other (Figure 3g).
- (h)
- Finally, a protractor was used to record the HVA (Figure 3h).
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patients | N | Minimum | Maximum | Mean ± SD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 26 | 20 | 72 | 53.27 ± 12.72 |
Height (cm) | 26 | 140 | 173 | 157.92 ± 6.23 |
Weight (kg) | 26 | 48 | 90 | 62.00 ± 9.47 |
BMI (kg/cm²) | 26 | 18.7 | 31.3 | 24.84 ± 3.39 |
Moderate HV Treatment with Orthotic Type 1 | Moderate HV Treatment with Orthotic Type 2 | Mild HV Treatment with Orthotic Type 2 | Mild HV Treatment with Orthotic Type 3 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HVA (°) Reduction | 95% (CI) | p- Value | HVA (°) Reduction | 95% (CI) * | p- Value | HVA (°) Reduction | 95% (CI) * | p- Value | HVA (°) Reduction | 95% (CI) * | p- Value | |
Subjects | n = 12 | n = 8 | n = 15 | n = 7 | ||||||||
Baseline (HVA) | 26.94 ± 4.83 | 17.06 ± 1.72 | 27.83 ± 4.52 | 18.31 ± 1.41 | ||||||||
0–3 Months | 2.17 ±3.31 | 0.07, 4.27 | 0.04 * | 0.30 ±2.37 | −1.01, 1.61 | 0.63 | 1.15 ±3.37 | −1.67, 3.97 | 0.37 | 1.23 ±0.96 | 0.34, 2.12 | 0.02 * |
0–6 Months | 3.45 ±3.93 | 0.81, 6.08 | 0.02 * | 0.77 ±2.56 | −0.64, 2.19 | 0.26 | 0.68 ±2.64 | −1.53, 2.88 | 0.49 | 1.16 ±1.14 | −0.26, 2.58 | 0.09 |
0–9 Months | 3.71 ±3.18 | 1.43, 5.99 | 0.01 * | 1.22 ±3.31 | −0.69, 3.14 | 0.19 | 0.84 ±2.33 | −1.31, 2.99 | 0.38 | 2.73 ±2.11 | −0.63, 6.08 | 0.08 |
0–12 Months | 5.05 ±5.15 | 1.37, 8.73 | 0.01 * | 1.20 ±3.16 | −0.71, 3.11 | 0.20 | 2.44 ±0.85 | 1.39, 3.49 | 0.00* | 3.08 ±2.36 | −0.68, 6.83 | 0.08 |
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Li, G.; Shen, J.; Smith, E.; Patel, C. The Evaluation of Orthotics in Reducing Hallux Valgus Angle in Patients with Hallux Valgus over a Twelve-Month Treatment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912531
Li G, Shen J, Smith E, Patel C. The Evaluation of Orthotics in Reducing Hallux Valgus Angle in Patients with Hallux Valgus over a Twelve-Month Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912531
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Guoli, Jinsong Shen, Edward Smith, and Chetna Patel. 2022. "The Evaluation of Orthotics in Reducing Hallux Valgus Angle in Patients with Hallux Valgus over a Twelve-Month Treatment" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912531
APA StyleLi, G., Shen, J., Smith, E., & Patel, C. (2022). The Evaluation of Orthotics in Reducing Hallux Valgus Angle in Patients with Hallux Valgus over a Twelve-Month Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912531