Assessment of Cd Pollution in Paddy Soil–Rice System in Silver Mining-Affected Areas: Pollution Status, Transformation and Health Risk Assessment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area, Samples Collection, and Preparation
2.2. Chemical Analysis
2.3. Pollution Index and Bioaccumulation Factor
2.4. Potential Health Risk Assessment
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Selected Soil Properties and Concentration of Cd in Paddy Soil
3.2. Bioavailable and Fraction of Cd in Paddy Soil
3.3. Cd Concentration in Rice Grain
3.4. Potential Health Risk Assessment
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Range | Mean | SD | CV (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 4.54–5.07 | 4.81 | 0.15 | 3.16% |
OM (g/kg) | 33.79–67.31 | 48.79 | 8.45 | 17.32% |
Available K (mg/kg) | 179.43–1220.05 | 642.04 | 283.88 | 44.22% |
Available P (mg/kg) | 6.93–46.94 | 19.86 | 11.15 | 56.15% |
CEC (cmol/kg) | 2.66–3.67 | 3.21 | 0.34 | 10.47% |
Total Cd (mg/kg) | 0.21–0.48 | 0.36 | 0.07 | 19.09% |
Total Cd | pH | OM | Available K | Available P | CEC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DTPA-extractable Cd | 0.451 | 0.131 | −0.481 | −0.042 | 0.244 | −0.139 |
CaCl2-extractable Cd | −0.133 | −0.603 * | −0.066 | 0.301 | −0.018 | 0.037 |
pH | OM | Available K | Available P | CEC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acid-soluble | −0.036 | 0.465 | 0.640 ** | 0.566 * | 0.328 |
Reducible | 0.194 | 0.514 * | 0.471 | 0.407 | 0.421 |
Oxidizable | 0.218 | 0.204 | 0.343 | 0.820 ** | −0.006 |
Residual | −0.283 | 0.550 * | 0.486 | 0.434 | 0.359 |
Max | Min | Mean | SD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HQ | Adult | 2.05 | 0.18 | 0.87 | 0.55 |
Children | 2.33 | 0.20 | 0.99 | 0.63 | |
CR | 1.24 × 10−2 | 1.09 × 10−3 | 5.31 × 10−3 | 3.36 × 10−3 |
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Lv, L.; Jiao, Z.; Ge, S.; Zhan, W.; Ruan, X.; Wang, Y. Assessment of Cd Pollution in Paddy Soil–Rice System in Silver Mining-Affected Areas: Pollution Status, Transformation and Health Risk Assessment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12362. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912362
Lv L, Jiao Z, Ge S, Zhan W, Ruan X, Wang Y. Assessment of Cd Pollution in Paddy Soil–Rice System in Silver Mining-Affected Areas: Pollution Status, Transformation and Health Risk Assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12362. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912362
Chicago/Turabian StyleLv, Lv, Zhiqiang Jiao, Shiji Ge, Wenhao Zhan, Xinling Ruan, and Yangyang Wang. 2022. "Assessment of Cd Pollution in Paddy Soil–Rice System in Silver Mining-Affected Areas: Pollution Status, Transformation and Health Risk Assessment" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12362. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912362