Verbal Instruction for Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction among Healthy Young Males
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Setting
2.2. Protocol
- Squeeze your pelvic floor muscles (“general instruction”)
- Squeeze your anus
- Shorten the penis
- Elevate the scrotum
- Stop the flow of urine
- Take a moderate breath in, let the breath out, lift your pelvic floor muscles, and draw in your umbilicus. (“draw in”)
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Direction of Bladder Base Displacement
3.2. Bladder Base Displacement
3.3. Pelvic Floor Muscle Endurance
3.4. Urinary Incontinence
3.5. Participants Preferred Verbal Instructions
4. Discussion
Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable * | Participants N = 35 |
---|---|
Age (years) | 25.97 ± 1.9 |
Married, n (%) | 12 (34.2%) |
Body mass index (BMI) † | 24.6 ± 3 |
Smoke, n (%) | 1 (2.9%) |
Participate in regular physical activity, n (%) | 32 (91.4%) |
Perform pelvic floor muscle training regularly, n (%) | 1 (2.9%) |
Reporting urinary leakage about once a week or less often, n (%) | 1 (2.9%) |
Variable | Instruction 1: Squeeze the Pelvic Floor | Instruction 2: Squeeze Your Anus | Instruction 3: Shorten the Penis | Instruction 4: Elevate the Scrotum | Instruction 5: Stop the Flow of Urine | Instruction 6: Draw in * | p-Value ** (Effect Size) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants with cranial bladder base displacement N (%) | 24 (69%) | 33 (94.3%) | 33 (94.3%) | 32 (91.4%) | 31 (88.6%) | 9 (25.7%) | <0.0001 (0.20) |
Cranial bladder base displacement (cm), mean ± SD | 0.91 ± 0.3 (N = 24) | 0.91 ± 0.4 (N = 33) | 0.79 ± 0.3 (N = 33) | 0.87 ± 0.3 (N = 32) | 0.90 ± 0.3 (N = 31) | 0.82 ± 0.4 (N = 9) | 0.015 (0.06) |
Endurance (seconds) mean ± SD (N = number of participants who succeeded in holding the contraction | 14.43 ± 6.0 (N = 23) | 14.48 ± 6.7 (N = 31) | 14.24 ± 6.7 (N = 33) | 14.91 ± 6.1 (N = 32) | 15.57 ± 6.7 (N = 30) | 8.33 ± 8.4 (N = 7) | <0.0001 (0.14) |
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Ben Ami, N.; Feldman, R.; Dar, G. Verbal Instruction for Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction among Healthy Young Males. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12031. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912031
Ben Ami N, Feldman R, Dar G. Verbal Instruction for Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction among Healthy Young Males. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12031. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912031
Chicago/Turabian StyleBen Ami, Noa, Ron Feldman, and Gali Dar. 2022. "Verbal Instruction for Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction among Healthy Young Males" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12031. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912031