Psychological Distress in Breast Cancer Patients during the Italian COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | 2020 (n = 65) | 2019 (n = 65) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD) | 59.2 ± 11.1 | 58.0 ± 11.0 | 0.452 |
Marital status (%) | 0.539 | ||
Cohabitant | 68.5% | 72.9% | |
Single | 14.8% | 8.5% | |
Divorced | 3.7% | 8.5% | |
Widowed | 13% | 10.2% | |
Education (%) | 0.303 | ||
Primary education | 8.3% | 8.1% | |
Lower secondary education | 26.7% | 40.3% | |
Upper secondary education | 50% | 32.3% | |
Bachelor or master degree | 15% | 19.4% | |
Employment (%) | 0.489 | ||
Housewife | 13.3% | 16.7% | |
Worker | 50.0% | 53.3% | |
Unemployed | 8.3% | 3.3% | |
Retired | 28.3% | 25% | |
HADS—total score, (mean ± SD) | 13.48 ± 7.90 | 11.92 ± 6.67 | 0.231 |
HADS—depression | 5.45 ± 4.18 | 5.45 ± 3.84 | 0.912 |
HADS—anxiety | 8.02 ± 4.36 | 6.47 ± 3.65 | 0.032 * |
IES-R—total score, (mean ± SD) | 32.92 ± 18.20 | 22.70 ± 16.05 | 0.001 * |
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Stanizzo, M.R.; Castelli, L.; Di Nardo, C.; Brunetti, M.; De Sanctis, C.; Ghiggia, A. Psychological Distress in Breast Cancer Patients during the Italian COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811433
Stanizzo MR, Castelli L, Di Nardo C, Brunetti M, De Sanctis C, Ghiggia A. Psychological Distress in Breast Cancer Patients during the Italian COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(18):11433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811433
Chicago/Turabian StyleStanizzo, Maria Rosa, Lorys Castelli, Cristina Di Nardo, Monica Brunetti, Corrado De Sanctis, and Ada Ghiggia. 2022. "Psychological Distress in Breast Cancer Patients during the Italian COVID-19 Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18: 11433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811433
APA StyleStanizzo, M. R., Castelli, L., Di Nardo, C., Brunetti, M., De Sanctis, C., & Ghiggia, A. (2022). Psychological Distress in Breast Cancer Patients during the Italian COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811433