The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Compulsive Online Shopping: The Mediating Roles of Family Functioning Patterns
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants, Procedure, and Ethics
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Compulsive Online Shopping Scale (COSS)
2.2.2. Relationship Questionnaire (RQ)
2.2.3. Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-IV (FACES IV)
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | M ± SD | n | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 31.86 ± 11.925 | |||
Gender | ||||
Females | 234 | 76 | ||
Males | 72 | 24 | ||
Marital Status | ||||
Single | 202 | 66 | ||
Married | 55 | 18 | ||
Cohabiting | 36 | 12 | ||
Separated | 2 | 1 | ||
Divorced | 10 | 3 | ||
Widowed | 1 | 0 | ||
Education | ||||
Middle School diploma | 9 | 3 | ||
High School diploma | 92 | 30 | ||
University degree | 139 | 45 | ||
Master’s degree | 50 | 16 | ||
Post-lauream specialization | 16 | 5 | ||
Occupation | ||||
Student | 120 | 39 | ||
Working student | 37 | 12 | ||
Employee | 88 | 29 | ||
Freelance | 21 | 7 | ||
Manager | 2 | 1 | ||
Entrepreneur | 5 | 2 | ||
Trader | 6 | 2 | ||
Artisan | 3 | 1 | ||
Unemployed | 17 | 6 | ||
Retired | 7 | 2 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. COSS | 1 | ||||||||||
2. RQ (1) | −0.172 ** | 1 | |||||||||
3. RQ (2) | 0.094 | −0.292 ** | 1 | ||||||||
4. RQ (3) | 0.155 ** | −0.169 ** | 0.258 ** | 1 | |||||||
5. RQ (4) | 0.052 | −0.236 ** | 0.088 | 0.01 | 1 | ||||||
6. FACES-IV (1) | −0.199 ** | 0.258 ** | −0.034 | −0.118 * | 0.042 | 1 | |||||
7. FACES-IV (2) | −0.134 * | 0.193 ** | −0.104 | −0.197 ** | 0.115 * | 0.817 ** | 1 | ||||
8. FACES-IV (3) | 0.216 ** | −0.157 ** | 0.196 ** | 0.161 ** | 0.178 ** | −0.390 ** | −0.224 ** | 1 | |||
9. FACES-IV (4) | 0.295 ** | −0.173 ** | 0.139 * | 0.250 ** | 0.006 | −0.062 | −0.106 | 0.289 ** | 1 | ||
10. FACES-IV (5) | 0.235 ** | −0.035 | 0.110 | 0.020 | 0.025 | 0.021 | 0.207 ** | 0.342 ** | 0.485 ** | 1 | |
11. FACES-IV (6) | 0.215 ** | −0.132 * | 0.276 ** | 0.227 ** | 0.076 | 0.033 | −0.010 | 0.384 ** | 0.448 ** | 0.188 ** | 1 |
Independent Variable | Parallel Mediators | Dependent Variable | Total Effect | Direct Effect | Indirect Effect [Bootstrapping 95% CI] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Secure Attachment | Family Functionings | Compulsive Online Shopping | −0.071 | −0.032 | −0.039 [−0.0649; −0.0172] |
Preoccupied Attachment | Family Functionings | Compulsive Online Shopping | 0.042 | 0.010 | −0.031 [−0.0325; 0.0538] |
Fearful Attachment | Family Functionings | Compulsive Online Shopping | 0.078 | 0.037 | 0.041 [0.0138; 0.0742] |
Dismissing Attachment | Family Functionings | Compulsive Online Shopping | 0.024 | 0.061 | 0.002 [−0.0203; 0.0277] |
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Topino, E.; Cacioppo, M.; Gori, A. The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Compulsive Online Shopping: The Mediating Roles of Family Functioning Patterns. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 8162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138162
Topino E, Cacioppo M, Gori A. The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Compulsive Online Shopping: The Mediating Roles of Family Functioning Patterns. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):8162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138162
Chicago/Turabian StyleTopino, Eleonora, Marco Cacioppo, and Alessio Gori. 2022. "The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Compulsive Online Shopping: The Mediating Roles of Family Functioning Patterns" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 8162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138162