Identification of the Mechanical Failure Factors with Potential Influencing Road Accidents in Ecuador
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data Collection for the Research
3.2. Database Creation Required for the Research
3.3. Statistical Procedures
3.3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.3.2. Pareto Chart
3.3.3. Time Series
4. Results
4.1. Mechanical and Electrical Conditions of Vehicles for Subcategories M1, M3 and N1, of the City of Cuenca-Ecuador from 2008 to 2018
4.2. The Most Representative Mechanical and Electrical Failure Trend for Subcategories M1, M3 and N1 Vehicles in the City of Cuenca, Ecuador from 2008 to 2018
4.2.1. Horizontal Alignment of the Driver Headlight Failure Trend
4.2.2. Vertical Alignment of the Driver Headlight Failure Trend
4.2.3. Braking Imbalance on the 2nd Axle Failure Trend
4.2.4. Insufficient Tyre Tread Failure Trend
4.2.5. Parking Brake Effectiveness Failure Trend
4.3. Vehicle Traffic Accidents for Subcategories M1, M3 and N1, of the City of Cuenca, Ecuador from 2009 to 2018
4.4. Traffic Accident Causes of Vehicles for Subcategories M1, M3 and N1, of the City of Cuenca-Ecuador from 2009 to 2018
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
MAHA_DESCRIPTION | CODE |
BROKEN, INCOMPLETE SPRING CLAMPS | ABIR01 |
ACCESSES WITH GROUND IN POOR CONDITION | APME02 |
JOINT INADEQUATE FITTING | ARI03 |
SPRING EYE BUSHINGS INADEQUATE FITTING | AIBOB04 |
STEERING JOINT INCORRECT FITTING | AIRD05 |
STEERING ARM INCORRECT FITTING | AIBD06 |
1ST AXLE CONVERGENCE ALIGNMENT | A1EC07 |
HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT DRIVER HEADLIGHT | AHFC08 |
VERTICAL ALIGNMENT DRIVER HEADLIGHT | AVFC09 |
HIGH-INTENSITY BRAKE LIGHT/LIGHTS | AILF10 |
DETERIORATED STABILISER BAR BOLTS | ABED11 |
DETERIORATED FRONT TURN SIGNAL DEVICES | ADDD12 |
DETERIORATED REAR TURN SIGNAL DEVICES | ADPD13 |
LOW-INTENSITY BRAKE LIGHTS | BILF01 |
DETERIORATED POWER STEERING BELTS | BDHD02 |
POOR CONDITION RUBBER BUSHINGS FRONT SHOCK ABSORBERS | BGMEAD03 |
POOR CONDITION RUBBER BUSHINGS REAR SHOCK ABSORBERS | BGMEAP04 |
POOR CONDITION ELECTRICAL CABLE INSTALLATION | CIEME01 |
DETERIORATED RUBBER IN STEERING | CDD02 |
BREAK CIRCUIT NOT CORRESPONDING TO ASSEMBLY | CFNCM03 |
DEFICIENT ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION CONNECTIONS | CIED04 |
AUXILIARY BRAKE FITTING DEFECTS | DFFA01 |
BRAKING IMBALANCE ON 1AXLE | DF1E02 |
BRAKING IMBALANCE ON 2AXLE | DF2E03 |
SUSPENSION IMBALANCE ON 1AXLE | DS1E04 |
SUSPENSION IMBALANCE ON 2AXLE | DS2E05 |
VISIBLE DETERIORATIONS IN FRONT SHOCK ABSORBERS | DVAD06 |
VISIBLE DETERIORATIONS IN REAR SHOCK ABSORBERS | DVAP07 |
BRAKING EFFECTIVENESS | EF01 |
PARKING BRAKE EFFECTIVENESS | EFE02 |
RIGHT WHEEL SUSPENSION EFFECTIVENESS OF 1AXLE | ESRD1E03 |
RIGHT WHEEL SUSPENSION EFFECTIVENESS OF 2AXLE | ESRD2E04 |
LEFT WHEEL SUSPENSION EFFECTIVENESS OF 1AXLE | ESRI1E05 |
RIGHT WHEEL SUSPENSION EFFECTIVENESS OF 2AXLE | ESRI2E06 |
CABLE BOARD CONDITION | ECT07 |
FRONT SHOCK ABSORBERS MISSING | FAD01 |
REAR SHOCK ABSORBERS MISSING | FAP02 |
STEERING STOP CAPS MISSING | FTD03 |
FRONT HEADLIGHTS WITH CRACKED OR BROKEN GLASS | FFCR04 |
DETERIORATED FRONT HEADLIGHTS | FFD05 |
FRONT HEADLIGHTS NOT WORKING | FFNF06 |
STEERING–CHASSIS COLUMN DEFECTIVE FITTING | FCDCD07 |
FRONT HEADLIGHTS DEFICIENT FITTING | FDFF08 |
DRUM/DISC INADEQUATE FITTING | FITD09 |
FRONT SHOCK ABSORBER INCORRECT FITTING | FIAD10 |
REAR SHOCK ABSORBER INCORRECT FITTING | FIAP11 |
STEERING JOINT INCORRECT FITTING | FIRD12 |
STEERING WHEEL–COLUMN INCORRECT FITTING | FVCDD13 |
FLUID LEAK IN BRAKE SYSTEM | FLSF14 |
WINDSCREEN WASHER DEFECTIVE OPERATION | FDL15 |
WINDSCREEN WIPER DEFECTIVE OPERATION | FDLP16 |
AUXILIARY BRAKE INADEQUATE OPERATION | FIFA17 |
LIGHT SWITCHING INADEQUATE OPERATION | FICL18 |
TURN SIGNAL INADEQUATE OPERATION | FID19 |
LIGHT GUIDANCE INADEQUATE OPERATION | FIGL20 |
PARKING LIGHTS INADEQUATE OPERATION | FILP21 |
REVERSE LIGHT INADEQUATE OPERATION | FILR22 |
DASHBOARD LIGHT INADEQUATE OPERATION | FILT23 |
BROKEN OR DISPLACED LEAF SPRINGS | HBRD01 |
DETERIORATED AUXILIARY BRAKE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION | IEFAD01 |
INSUFFICIENT TYRE TREAD | ILN02 |
DRIVER HEADLIGHT INTENSITY | IFC03 |
DEFECTIVE INTERMITTENCY | ID04 |
SETS OR WEARS IN STEERING BARS | JDBD01 |
RADIAL OR AXIAL SETS NOT ACCEPTABLE IN STEERING WHEEL | JRANAV02 |
SETS OR WEARS IN GEARBOX | JDCD03 |
NON-EXISTENT WINDSCREEN WASHER | LI01 |
DETERIORATED WINDSCREEN WIPER | LPD02 |
DETERIORATED BRAKE LIGHTS | LFD03 |
BRAKE LIGHTS DO NOT TURN ON WHEN OPERATING THE PEDAL | LFNEAP04 |
DETERIORATED FRONT POSITION LIGHTS | LPDD05 |
DETERIORATED REAR POSITION LIGHTS | LPPD06 |
DETERIORATED ROOF LIGHTS | LTD07 |
EXISTING FRONT SPECIAL LIGHTS | LEDE08 |
PLATE LIGHT NOT WORKING | LPNF09 |
REVERSE LIGHT INADEQUATE COLOUR | LRCI10 |
REVERSE LIGHT NOT WORKING | LRNF11 |
PLATE LIGHT NOT REGULATORY | LPNR12 |
LEAKING POWER STEERING HOSE | MDHP01 |
SUSPENSION TABLES WITH CRACKS OR DEFORMED | MSFD02 |
MODIFICATIONS AND WELDINGS IN STEERING BARS | MSBD03 |
MODIFICATIONS AND WELDINGS IN STEERING ARM | MSBRD04 |
TYRES WITH CRACKS, CUTS OR FAILURES | NRCF01 |
LOW BRAKE FLUID LEVEL | NLFB02 |
HIGH INDICATOR DOES NOT TURN ON OR NOT WORKING | NEIA03 |
LOW INDICATOR DOES NOT TURN ON OR NOT WORKING | NEIB04 |
TELL-TALE LIGHTS NOT WORKING OR DOES NOT HAVE | NFNDTL05 |
FRONT TURN SIGNALS NOT WORKING | NFDD06 |
REAR TURN SIGNALS NOT WORKING | NFDP07 |
BRAKE LIGHTS NOT WORKING | NFLF08 |
PARKING LIGHTS NOT WORKING | NFLP09 |
BRAKE PEDAL SINKS WHEN HOLDING PRESSURE | PFCMP01 |
FLUID LEAK IN FRONT SHOCK ABSORBERS | PFAD02 |
FLUID LEAK IN REAR SHOCK ABSORBERS | PFAP03 |
POWER STEERING FLUID LEAK | PFHD04 |
DETERIORATED CLAMP/CALLIPER | PMD05 |
TYRE TREAD PATTERN NOT SUITABLE | RNNA01 |
BRAKED WHEEL (BRAKE TEST IS NOT PERFORMED AT S.) | RF02 |
POWER STEERING GENERAL NOISE | RGDH03 |
BLOWHOLES IN TYRES | SEN01 |
FASTENING PUMP OR STEERING CYLINDER | SBCD02 |
DETERIORATED OR WEARED DRUM/DISC | TDDD01 |
NON-EXISTENT SUSPENSION REBOUND STOP CAPS | TRSI02 |
BRAKE SYSTEM VALVES/CONNECTIONS | VCSF01 |
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FAILURE | NUMBER OF VEHICLES |
---|---|
Horizontal alignment of the driver headlight | 55,305 |
Vertical alignment of the driver headlight | 62,001 |
Braking imbalance on the 2nd axle | 23,653 |
Insufficient tyre tread | 28,674 |
Parking brake effectiveness | 39,065 |
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Montero-Salgado, J.P.; Muñoz-Sanz, J.; Arenas-Ramírez, B.; Alén-Cordero, C. Identification of the Mechanical Failure Factors with Potential Influencing Road Accidents in Ecuador. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7787. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137787
Montero-Salgado JP, Muñoz-Sanz J, Arenas-Ramírez B, Alén-Cordero C. Identification of the Mechanical Failure Factors with Potential Influencing Road Accidents in Ecuador. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):7787. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137787
Chicago/Turabian StyleMontero-Salgado, Juan Pablo, Jose Muñoz-Sanz, Blanca Arenas-Ramírez, and Cristina Alén-Cordero. 2022. "Identification of the Mechanical Failure Factors with Potential Influencing Road Accidents in Ecuador" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 7787. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137787