Propagation and Diffusion of Fluorescent Substances with Footprints in Indoor Environments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental and Analytical Methods
2.1. Selection and Preparation of the Fluorescent Solution
2.2. Selection of the Experimental Floor and Shoes
2.3. Fluorescence Data Collection
2.3.1. Fluorescence Image Acquisition Device
2.3.2. Image Processing and Data Extraction
2.3.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Experimental Case Design
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Single-Footprint Feature Analysis
3.2. Analysis of the Independence of Each Foot
3.3. Analysis of the Variation Law of the Ground Fluorescence Value with Walking
3.4. Analysis of the Propagation and Diffusion Influencing Factors
3.5. Analysis of the Transfer Efficiency and Impact
3.5.1. Contact Propagation Transfer Efficiency
3.5.2. Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Transfer Efficiency
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- As the number of walking steps increased, the amount of fluorescent substance transferred onto the experimental floor decreased exponentially, the fluorescence value began to fluctuate and decreased to ~6% of the initial value after the fifth step.
- (2)
- The relationship between the normalized gray value of the fluorescent solution (D) on each floor panel i was , and can be used to estimate the number of pollutants on the ground. Based on the variance analysis, it was found that the body weight, walking frequency, and solution viscosity had a significant effect on a, with body weight being the most important factor. More specifically, a greater body weight yielded a smaller a value. For parameter b, only body weight had a significant effect, wherein b increased with an increase in body weight.
- (3)
- The transfer efficiency was distributed within a range of 0.51–0.72 for all of the experiments, and only the body weight caused it to change significantly. More specifically, with a constant walking frequency and solution viscosity, a greater body weight led to a lower transfer efficiency.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Experiment No. | Body Weight (kg) | Walking Frequency (Steps/min) | Solution Viscosity |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 50–55 | 80 | W |
2 | 50–55 | 100 | O |
3 | 50–55 | 120 | O |
4 | 60–65 | 80 | O |
5 | 60–65 | 100 | W |
6 | 60–65 | 120 | W |
7 | 70–75 | 80 | O |
8 | 70–75 | 100 | W |
9 | 70–75 | 120 | W |
Group | t | Degrees of Freedom | Significance (Two-Tailed) |
---|---|---|---|
Volunteer No. 1 | 0.668 | 10 | 0.519 |
Volunteer No. 2 | −1.234 | 10 | 0.246 |
Volunteer No. 3 | 1.074 | 10 | 0.308 |
Experiment Code | a | b | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
50–80-W | 3.79 | −1.33 | 0.999 |
50–100-O | 2.78 | −1.01 | 0.996 |
50–120-O | 2.48 | −0.90 | 0.996 |
60–80-O | 2.72 | −1.00 | 0.997 |
60–100-W | 2.31 | −0.84 | 0.999 |
60–120-W | 2.68 | −0.99 | 0.996 |
70–80-O | 2.26 | −0.82 | 0.994 |
70–100-W | 2.22 | −0.81 | 0.993 |
70–120-W | 2.11 | −0.75 | 0.997 |
Factor | Sum of Square | F | Significant p |
---|---|---|---|
Body weight | 1.340 | 16.584 | 0.024 ** |
Walking frequency | 0.785 | 9.718 | 0.049 ** |
Solution viscosity | 0.448 | 11.082 | 0.045 ** |
Factor | Sum of Square | F | Significant p |
---|---|---|---|
Body weight | 0.158 | 11.962 | 0.037 ** |
Walking frequency | 0.087 | 6.572 | 0.080 |
Solution viscosity | 0.044 | 6.609 | 0.082 |
Factor | Sum of Square | F | Significant p |
---|---|---|---|
Body weight | 0.025 | 28.538 | 0.011 ** |
Walking frequency | 0.008 | 9.118 | 0.053 |
Solution viscosity | 0.003 | 7.803 | 0.068 |
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Ma, M.; Li, F.; Han, H.; Zhao, Z.; Sun, Y.; Jing, Y.; Wang, L. Propagation and Diffusion of Fluorescent Substances with Footprints in Indoor Environments. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7733. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137733
Ma M, Li F, Han H, Zhao Z, Sun Y, Jing Y, Wang L. Propagation and Diffusion of Fluorescent Substances with Footprints in Indoor Environments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):7733. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137733
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Manman, Fei Li, Hao Han, Ziwang Zhao, Yuxiao Sun, Yuanqi Jing, and Lei Wang. 2022. "Propagation and Diffusion of Fluorescent Substances with Footprints in Indoor Environments" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 7733. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137733
APA StyleMa, M., Li, F., Han, H., Zhao, Z., Sun, Y., Jing, Y., & Wang, L. (2022). Propagation and Diffusion of Fluorescent Substances with Footprints in Indoor Environments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7733. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137733