Exposure to Toxic Metals and Health Risk Assessment through Ingestion of Canned Sardines Sold in Brazil

Leite, Luana Carolina Santos; de Lima, Nayara Vieira; Melo, Elaine Silva de Pádua; Cardozo, Carla Maiara Lopes; do Nascimento, Valter Aragão

doi:10.3390/ijerph19137678

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Exposure to Toxic Metals and Health Risk Assessment through Ingestion of Canned Sardines Sold in Brazil

Luana Carolina Santos Leite

Nayara Vieira de Lima

Elaine Silva de Pádua Melo

Carla Maiara Lopes Cardozo

and

Valter Aragão do Nascimento

Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied to Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editor: Paul B. Tchounwou

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 7678; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137678

Received: 17 March 2022 / Revised: 12 April 2022 / Accepted: 22 April 2022 / Published: 23 June 2022

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Abstract

The presence of heavy metals in the environment is increasing, which can be a danger to public health. Fish exposed to contaminated environments tend to have higher concentrations of some metals in their tissues. Monitoring these elements remains urgent as it is a matter of global concern. Canned sardines from the Brazilian market were analyzed for elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) of metals and metalloids, including some toxic, using inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP OES) in two types of sardines (preserved in oil and tomato sauce) from five different brands. The results were compared to limit levels for consumption set by FAO/WHO. Moreover, we assessed the associated risk regarding the elemental intake of these elements through the samples, using the hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR). All samples had unfavorable HQ and HI, primarily due to arsenic content. In the same manner, CR for arsenic was above the proposed limit of 10⁻⁴, and cadmium and chromium, which were within the acceptable limit (10⁻⁶ to 10⁻⁴), require attention. These results show that chronic consumption of canned sardines sold in Brazil is unsafe, and quality surveillance is needed to ensure there is no risk to the population that ingests these products. View Full-Text

Keywords: heavy metals; metalloids; pollutant; processed fish

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MDPI and ACS Style

Leite, L.C.S.; de Lima, N.V.; Melo, E.S.d.P.; Cardozo, C.M.L.; do Nascimento, V.A. Exposure to Toxic Metals and Health Risk Assessment through Ingestion of Canned Sardines Sold in Brazil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137678

AMA Style

Leite LCS, de Lima NV, Melo ESdP, Cardozo CML, do Nascimento VA. Exposure to Toxic Metals and Health Risk Assessment through Ingestion of Canned Sardines Sold in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):7678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137678

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leite, Luana Carolina Santos, Nayara Vieira de Lima, Elaine Silva de Pádua Melo, Carla Maiara Lopes Cardozo, and Valter Aragão do Nascimento. 2022. "Exposure to Toxic Metals and Health Risk Assessment through Ingestion of Canned Sardines Sold in Brazil" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 7678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137678

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