Inappropriate Prescriptions in Older People—Translation and Adaptation to Portuguese of the STOPP/START Screening Tool
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Phase I: Translation and Adaptation of the STOPP/START Screening Tool to the Portuguese Language
2.2. Phase II: Data Collection of Patient Data
2.3. Phase III: Intra-Rater Reliability and Agreement Study
2.4. Phase IV: Inter-Rater Reliability and Agreement Study
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | n (%) |
---|---|
Age, years mean (SD); min–max | 74.2 (6.9); 65–99 |
65–69 years | 105 (31.4%) |
70–74 years | 71 (21.3%) |
75–79 years | 78 (23.4%) |
80–84 years | 50 (15.0%) |
85+ years | 30 (9.0%) |
Sex | |
Women | 159 (47.6%) |
Men | 175 (52.4%) |
Education level | |
Early childhood, primary and lower secondary education (level 0–2) | 316 (94.6%) |
Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education (levels 3–4) | 17 (5.1%) |
Short-cycle tertiary education, Bachelor’s, Master’s, or Doctorate (levels 5–8) | 1 (0.3%) |
Number of medicines used | |
0–1 | 57 (17.1%) |
2 to 4 (Minor polypharmacy) | 66 (19.8%) |
5 to 9 (Major polypharmacy) | 210 (62.8%) |
10+ (Severe polypharmacy) | 1 (0.3%) |
STOPP Criteria | Rater Combination | Agreement (%) | Reliability | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ppos † (95% CI) | Pneg + (95% CI) | Kappa (95% CI) | ||
Intra-rater | Rater A Rater A | 94.2 (93.1–95.1) | 75.2 (70.9–79.1) | 0.70 (0.65–0.74) |
Inter-rater | Rater B Rater C | 99.8 (99.4–99.9) | 98.9 (97.1–99.7) | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) |
Rater B Rater D | 99.6 (99.1–99.8) | 97.8 (95.5–99.1) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | |
Rater C Rater D | 99.5 (99.1–99.8) | 97.5 (95.0–98.8) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | |
Rater B Rater C Rater D | 99.6 (99.3–99.8) | 98.1 (96.6–99.2) | 0.98 (0.94–1.00) |
START Criteria | Rater Combination | Agreement (%) | Reliability | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PPos † (95% CI) | PNeg + (95% CI) | Kappa (95% CI) | ||
Intra-rater | Rater A Rater A | 88.2 (85.4–90.6) | 71.1 (64.5–76.8) | 0.60 (0.52–0.68) |
Inter-rater | Rater B Rater C | 98.7 (97.3–99.4) | 94.4 (88.6–97.7) | 0.93 (0.87–0.99) |
Rater B Rater D | 98.7 (97.3–99.4) | 94.4 (88.6–97.7) | 0.93 (0.87–0.99) | |
Rater C Rater D | 99.1 (97.9–99.7) | 96.1 (90.1–98.7) | 0.95 (0.91–1.00) | |
Rater B Rater C Rater D | 98.8 (97.9–99.6) | 94.9 (90.8–98.2) | 0.94 (0.87–1.00) |
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Monteiro, L.; Monteiro-Soares, M.; Matos, C.; Ribeiro-Vaz, I.; Teixeira, A.; Martins, C. Inappropriate Prescriptions in Older People—Translation and Adaptation to Portuguese of the STOPP/START Screening Tool. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6896. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116896
Monteiro L, Monteiro-Soares M, Matos C, Ribeiro-Vaz I, Teixeira A, Martins C. Inappropriate Prescriptions in Older People—Translation and Adaptation to Portuguese of the STOPP/START Screening Tool. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(11):6896. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116896
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonteiro, Luís, Matilde Monteiro-Soares, Cristiano Matos, Inês Ribeiro-Vaz, Andreia Teixeira, and Carlos Martins. 2022. "Inappropriate Prescriptions in Older People—Translation and Adaptation to Portuguese of the STOPP/START Screening Tool" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11: 6896. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116896
APA StyleMonteiro, L., Monteiro-Soares, M., Matos, C., Ribeiro-Vaz, I., Teixeira, A., & Martins, C. (2022). Inappropriate Prescriptions in Older People—Translation and Adaptation to Portuguese of the STOPP/START Screening Tool. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6896. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116896