Callous–Unemotional Traits among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, or Typical Development: Differences between Adolescents’ and Parents’ Views
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Roles of Callous–Unemotional Traits in Health and Behavioral Problems
1.2. CU Traits in Adolescents with ASD and ADHD
1.3. Parent–Adolescent Disagreement on CU Traits
1.4. Study Aims
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Chinese Version of the ICUT
2.2.2. Sociodemographic Characteristics
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Differences in CU Traits across Adolescent Groups
4.2. Parent–Adolescent Agreement in CU Traits across Adolescent Groups
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TD | ADHD | ASD | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 203 | n = 207 | n = 126 | ||||
Variable | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) |
Adolescents | ||||||
Age (years) | 13.94 (2.09) | 13.09 (1.81) | 13.66 (1.95) | |||
Sex | ||||||
Girls | 46 (22.7) | 32 (15.5) | 17 (13.5) | |||
Boys | 157 (77.3) | 175 (84.5) | 109 (86.5) | |||
Parents | ||||||
Age (years) | 44.17 (4.98) | 44.13 (6.43) | 45.32 (6.01) | |||
Sex | ||||||
Females | 164 (80.8) | 157 (75.8) | 109 (86.5) | |||
Males | 39 (19.2) | 50 (24.2) | 17 (13.5) |
TD | ADHD | ASD | F-Value | Post Hoc Comparison b | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 203 | n = 207 | n = 126 | ||||||
Variable | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Adolescent-reported | ||||||||
Callousness | 6.52 | 3.77 | 8.94 | 4.98 | 9.89 | 5.46 | 21.72 *** | ASD = ADHD > TD |
Uncaring | 8.77 | 4.33 | 11.18 | 4.54 | 10.60 | 4.98 | 13.2 *** | ASD = ADHD > TD |
Unemotionality | 6.86 | 2.52 | 7.49 | 2.84 | 7.56 | 2.94 | 3.65 * | - |
Parent-reported | ||||||||
Callousness | 7.55 | 4.72 | 12.07 | 5.41 | 12.94 | 5.65 | 51.36 *** | ASD = ADHD > TD |
Uncaring | 10.39 | 4.54 | 13.70 | 4.34 | 13.92 | 5.07 | 31.29 *** | ASD = ADHD > TD |
Unemotionality | 6.03 | 2.72 | 5.92 | 3.00 | 7.19 | 3.02 | 7.91 *** | ASD > ADHD = TD |
Variables | TD | ADHD | ASD |
---|---|---|---|
ICC | ICC | ICC | |
Callousness | 0.343 ** | 0.312 ** | 0.367 ** |
Uncaring | 0.470 *** | 0.460 *** | 0.492 *** |
Unemotionality | 0.408 *** | 0.178 | 0.241 |
TD | ADHD | ASD | F-Value | Post Hoc Comparison b | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 203 | n = 207 | n = 126 | ||||||
Variable | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Callousness | 1.03 | 5.32 | 3.14 | 6.20 | 3.05 | 6.51 | 51.36 *** | ASD = ADHD > TD |
Uncaring | 1.62 | 5.06 | 2.52 | 4.86 | 3.33 | 5.18 | 31.29 *** | ASD > TD |
Unemotionality | −0.83 | 3.14 | −1.57 | 3.75 | −0.37 | 3.91 | 7.91 *** | ADHD > ASD |
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Chang, C.-L.; Liu, T.-L.; Hsiao, R.C.; Yang, P.; Chen, Y.-L.; Yen, C.-F. Callous–Unemotional Traits among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, or Typical Development: Differences between Adolescents’ and Parents’ Views. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083972
Chang C-L, Liu T-L, Hsiao RC, Yang P, Chen Y-L, Yen C-F. Callous–Unemotional Traits among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, or Typical Development: Differences between Adolescents’ and Parents’ Views. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(8):3972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083972
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Chen-Lin, Tai-Ling Liu, Ray C. Hsiao, Pinchen Yang, Yi-Lung Chen, and Cheng-Fang Yen. 2021. "Callous–Unemotional Traits among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, or Typical Development: Differences between Adolescents’ and Parents’ Views" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 3972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083972