Comparison of Bone Tissue Trace Element Content in the Different Radiological Stages of Hip Osteoarthritis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Characterization and Sampling of Femoral Bone Samples and Determination the Elemental Metals
2.3. Radiographic Assessment
2.4. Statistical and Chemometrics Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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AM ± SD/Min. and Max. | ||
---|---|---|
Age (years) | All patients | 70.6 ± 10.4/64–78 |
KL2 | 72 ± 8.9/64–79 | |
KL3–4 | 69.7 ± 11.2/64–77.5 | |
BMI (kg·m−2) | All patients | 27.8 ± 5.1/24.3–30.5 |
KL2 | 27.1 ± 4.3/25–29.9 | |
KL3–4 | 28.3 ± 5.6/24.1–30.8 | |
VAS | All patients | 7.6 ± 0.8/7–8 |
KL2 | 7.2 ± 0.6/7–8 | |
KL3–4 | 7.8 ± 0.8/7–8 | |
Number of patients (%) | ||
Sex (Female/Male) | All patients | 38 (65.5%)/20 (34.5%) |
KL2 | 16 (72.7%)/6 (27.3%) | |
KL3–4 | 22 (61.1%)/14 (38.9%) | |
Place of residence | Village | 13 (22.4%) |
City < 10,000 | 11 (19%) | |
City > 10,000 | 34 (58.6%) | |
Cigarette smoking | Nonsmoker | 48 (82.8%) |
Irregular smoker | 4 (6.9%) | |
Regular smoker | 6 (10.3%) | |
Alcohol drinking | Nondrinker | 30 (51.8%) |
Occasionally | 14 (24.1%) | |
Often | 14 (24.1%) | |
Comorbidities | Diabetes | 11 (19%) |
Arterial hypertension | 38 (65.5%) | |
Other heart diseases | 8 (13.8%) | |
Other | 14 (24.1%) |
Femoral Head | Femoral Neck | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metal | KL2 (n = 22) | KL3–4 (n = 36) | p MW | KL2 (n = 22) | KL3–4 (n = 36) | p MW |
AM ± SD | AM ± SD | AM ± SD | AM ± SD | |||
Med. (IQR) | Med. (IQR) | Med. (IQR) | Med. (IQR) | |||
Mo | 0.59 ± 0.56 | 0.54 ± 0.62 | NS | 0.8 ± 0.62 | 0.75 ± 0.82 | NS |
0.18 (0.18–1.15) | 0.18 (0.18–1.08) | 0.71 (0.18–1.38) | 0.18 (0.18–1.45) | |||
Cr | 0.91 ± 0.98 | 1.44 ± 2.17 | NS | 1.56 ± 1.8 | 1.56 ± 1.82 | NS |
0.42 (0.12–1.68) | 0.49 (0.12–1.79) | 0.76 (0.24–2.05) | 0.85 (0.25–1.73) | |||
Zn | 66.52 ± 16.65 | 75.12 ± 17.07 | 0.06 | 64.86 ± 13.3 | 68.17 ± 14.34 | NS |
63.21 (54.82–75.8) | 72.21 (63.89–90.47) | 62.7 (55.05–71.86) | 68.24 (57.87–75.44) | |||
Cu | 0.62 ± 0.79 | 1.14 ± 0.96 | 0.03 * | 0.89 ± 0.9 | 1.12 ± 1.51 | NS |
0.04 (0.04–1.37) | 1.04 (0.42–1.61) | 0.68 (0.04–1.58) | 0.8 (0.04–1.31) | |||
Fe | 112.18 ± 78.28 | 147.72 ± 131.91 | NS | 152.36 ± 187 | 129.08 ± 110.45 | NS |
89.54 (66.04–118.3) | 113.96 (54.82–144.13) | 82.07 (47.13–155.29) | 107.05 (55.71–164.66) | |||
Sr | 33.74 ± 15.2 | 49.94 ± 29.65 | 0.01 * | 39.44 ± 17.45 | 46.45 ± 20.22 | NS |
29.59 (23.38–37.97) | 38.71 (29.76–59.66) | 34.75 (27.18–46.61) | 42.81 (29.83–58.01) | |||
Ca | 122.07 ± 36.18 | 145.24 ± 33.98 | 0.01 * | 149.36 ± 42.98 | 153.37 ± 41.95 | NS |
111.96 (97.2–130.33) | 143.95 (115.68–167.91) | 135.94 (121.05–171.4) | 151.21 (125.96–177.87) | |||
Mg | 1.29 ± 0.44 | 1.54 ± 0.31 | 0.00 * | 1.49 ± 0.35 | 1.57 ± 0.34 | NS |
1.23 (0.95–1.4) | 1.57 (1.31–1.8) | 1.44 (1.26–1.75) | 1.61 (1.37–1.81) | |||
P | 55.49 ± 16.78 | 66.48 ± 15.69 | 0.01 * | 67.02 ± 18.41 | 68.85 ± 19.36 | NS |
52.1 (42.99–58.39) | 66.29 (52.6–78.89) | 62.75 (53.6–81) | 68.03 (56.96–77.81) |
Femoral Head | Mo | Cr | Zn | Cu | Fe | Sr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KL3–4 | ||||||
Mo | x | −0.02 | 0.27 | −0.16 | −0.08 | 0 |
Cr | −0.18 | x | −0.12 | 0.74 * | 0.26 | −0.14 |
Zn | −0.17 | 0.26 | x | −0.07 | 0.11 | 0.57 * |
Cu | −0.46 * | 0.11 | −0.27 | x | 0.45 * | −0.16 |
Fe | 0.05 | 0.51 * | 0.17 | −0.47 * | x | −0.02 |
Sr | −0.45 * | 0.30 | 0.63 * | −0.06 | 0.26 | x |
KL2 |
Femoral Neck | Mo | Cr | Zn | Cu | Fe | Sr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KL3–4 | ||||||
Mo | x | 0.30 | −0.46 * | −0.02 | 0.20 | −0.33 * |
Cr | 0.11 | x | 0.03 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.00 |
Zn | 0.34 | −0.09 | x | −0.05 | −0.20 | 0.48 * |
Cu | −0.25 | 0.33 | −0.06 | x | 0.39 | −0.35 * |
Fe | −0.09 | 0.64 * | −0.27 | 0.30 | x | −0.23 |
Sr | 0.31 | −0.08 | 0.43 * | −0.02 | −0.03 | x |
KL2 |
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Dąbrowski, M.; Zioła-Frankowska, A.; Frankowski, M.; Kaczmarczyk, J.; Kubaszewski, Ł. Comparison of Bone Tissue Trace Element Content in the Different Radiological Stages of Hip Osteoarthritis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063260
Dąbrowski M, Zioła-Frankowska A, Frankowski M, Kaczmarczyk J, Kubaszewski Ł. Comparison of Bone Tissue Trace Element Content in the Different Radiological Stages of Hip Osteoarthritis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(6):3260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063260
Chicago/Turabian StyleDąbrowski, Mikołaj, Anetta Zioła-Frankowska, Marcin Frankowski, Jacek Kaczmarczyk, and Łukasz Kubaszewski. 2021. "Comparison of Bone Tissue Trace Element Content in the Different Radiological Stages of Hip Osteoarthritis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 3260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063260