Sedentary Work and Physiological Markers of Health
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Survey
2.2.2. Physical Health Assessment
2.2.3. Hemoglobin A1c
2.2.4. Accelerometry
2.2.5. Vascular Endothelial Function
2.3. Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total N = 241 | 1 N = 55 | 2 N = 75 | 3 N = 68 | 4 N = 43 | p | |
Sex(male) | 22.3% | 35.2% | 32.9% | 8.8% | 9.3% | <0.001 |
Race (white) | 70.2% | 48.1% | 78.1% | 72.1% | 81.4% | 0.001 |
Race | NA | |||||
White | 64.7% | 43.6% | 70.7% | 69.1% | 74.4% | |
Black | 9.5% | 20.0% | 1.3% | 14.7% | 2.3% | |
Native American | 2.1% | 5.5% | 2.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |
Asian | 1.7% | 1.8% | 0.0% | 2.9% | 2.3% | |
Pacific Islanders | 2.5% | 1.8% | 2.7% | 0.0% | 7.0% | |
Other | 14.1% | 21.8% | 16.0% | 10.3% | 7.0% | |
Multi-Racial | 5.4% | 5.5% | 6.7% | 2.9% | 7.0% | |
Hispanic | 19.7% | 24.1% | 28.8% | 10.3% | 14.0% | 0.028 |
Education | 0.012 | |||||
HS or Less | 31.5% | 22.2% | 45.2% | 23.5% | 32.6% | |
Some College | 48.7% | 59.3% | 45.2% | 50.0% | 39.5% | |
Bachelors or Higher | 19.7% | 18.5% | 9.6% | 26.5% | 27.9% | |
Children | 43.5% | 41.5% | 54.8% | 36.8% | 37.2% | 0.121 |
Caregiver for Adult | 18.5% | 16.7% | 24.7% | 11.8% | 20.9% | 0.243 |
Smoke | 14.3% | 14.8% | 24.7% | 8.8% | 4.7% | 0.010 |
Blood Pressure Medication | 16.4% | 20.4% | 12.3% | 11.8% | 25.6% | 0.157 |
M(SD) | M(SD) | M(SD) | M(SD) | M(SD) | ||
Age | 39.72 (11.64) | 40.34 (11.18) | 35.45 (9.98) a,b | 42.01 (11.63) a | 42.59 (13.10) b | 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure | 81.43 (12.27) | 87.13 (13.02) e,f,g | 81.19 (12.22) e | 78.04 (10.50) f | 79.93 (11.85) g | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure | 126.10 (18.35) | 133.35 (22.73) c,d | 123.39 (16.43) c | 123.31 (15.93) d | 125.98 (16.88) | 0.007 |
Percent body fat | 38.90 (10.25) | 37.08 (10.69) h | 37.50 (10.83) i | 39.27 (10.20) | 43.01 (7.49) h,i | 0.019 |
Hemoglobin A1c | 5.74 (1.20) | 6.01 (1.63) | 5.66 (1.21) | 5.54 (0.63) | 5.84 (1.15) | 0.144 |
EndoScore | 2.03 (0.49) | 1.86 (0.41) | 2.17 (0.50) | 2.02 (0.50) | 2.07 (0.53) | 0.408 |
Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||
Physical activity | 1.25 (2.06) | 1.50 (2.13) | 1.00 (1.75) | 1.25 (2.25) | 1.00 (2.50) | 0.442 |
BMI | 32.10 (12.90) | 31.90 (11.40) | 31.70 (11.50) | 30.30 (12.35) | 34.60 (16.20) | 0.259 |
Hemoglobin A1c | N | b | p | 95% CI | Semi-Partial r |
Frequency of 20+ min bouts | 236 | 17.42 | 0.305 | −15.97–50.81 | 0.07 |
Frequency of 30+ min bouts | 236 | 37.74 | 0.111 | −8.72–84.21 | 0.10 |
Frequency of 40+ min bouts | 236 | 52.09 | 0.106 | −11.22–115.40 | 0.11 |
Frequency of 50+ min bouts | 236 | 83.10 | 0.070 | −6.94–173.15 | 0.12 |
Frequency of 60+ min bouts | 236 | 78.14 | 0.229 | −49.41–205.68 | 0.08 |
EndoScore | N | b | p | 95% CI | Semi-Partial r |
Frequency of 20+ min bouts | 56 | −12.00 | 0.393 | 15.96–−0.12 | −0.12 |
Frequency of 30+ min bouts | 56 | −5.59 | 0.782 | −45.85–34.68 | −0.04 |
Frequency of 40+ min bouts | 56 | 8.65 | 0.765 | −49.053–66.359 | 0.04 |
Frequency of 50+ min bouts | 56 | 37.81 | 0.301 | −34.84–110.47 | 0.14 |
Frequency of 60+ min bouts | 56 | 34.72 | 0.476 | −62.413–131.844 | 0.10 |
Systolic Blood Pressure | N | B | p | 95% CI | Semi-Partial r |
Frequency of 20+ min bouts | 237 | 220.45 | 0.388 | −281.71–722.61 | 0.06 |
Frequency of 30+ min bouts | 237 | 299.22 | 0.401 | −400.92–999.36 | 0.05 |
Frequency of 40+ min bouts | 237 | 562.95 | 0.245 | −388.90–1514.11 | 0.07 |
Frequency of 50+ min bouts | 237 | 1266.54 | 0.066 | −84.30–2617.37 | 0.12 |
Frequency of 60+ min bouts | 237 | 1628.13 | 0.093 | −273.54–3529.78 | 0.11 |
Hemoglobin A1c | N | b | p | 95% CI | Semi-Partial r |
Frequency of 20+ min bouts | 234 | 9.96 | 0.550 | −22.84–42.77 | 0.04 |
Frequency of 30+ min bouts | 234 | 26.40 | 0.258 | −19.47–72.27 | 0.07 |
Frequency of 40+ min bouts | 234 | 40.47 | 0.203 | −21.95–102.88 | 0.08 |
Frequency of 50+ min bouts | 234 | 66.29 | 0.141 | −22.13–154.71 | 0.09 |
Frequency of 60+ min bouts | 234 | 52.72 | 0.406 | −72.13–177.57 | 0.05 |
EndoScore | N | b | p | 95% CI | Semi-Partial r |
Frequency of 20+ min bouts | 56 | −11.25 | 0.427 | −39.42–16.93 | −0.11 |
Frequency of 30+ min bouts | 56 | −4.70 | 0.817 | −45.21–35.82 | −0.03 |
Frequency of 40+ min bouts | 56 | 9.37 | 0.747 | −48.61–67.34 | 0.04 |
Frequency of 50+ min bouts | 56 | 40.55 | 0.271 | −32.58–113.67 | 0.15 |
Frequency of 60+ min bouts | 56 | 38.42 | 0.434 | −59.41–136.26 | 0.11 |
Systolic Blood Pressure | N | b | p | 95% CI | Semi-Partial r |
Frequency of 20+ min bouts | 235 | 207.14 | 0.427 | −306.01–720.30 | 0.05 |
Frequency of 30+ min bouts | 235 | 281.89 | 0.440 | −435.76–999.54 | 0.05 |
Frequency of 40+ min bouts | 235 | 553.74 | 0.264 | −420.40–1527.88 | 0.07 |
Frequency of 50+ min bouts | 235 | 1262.39 | 0.072 | −115.48–2640.27 | 0.12 |
Frequency of 60+ min bouts | 235 | 1611.05 | 0.102 | −323.07–3545.17 | 0.11 |
Variable | Mean (SD) |
---|---|
% Work Hours Sitting or Lying | 83.07 (12.91) |
% Work Hours Standing | 13.22 (12.29) |
% Work Hours Stepping | 3.70 (3.18) |
% Work Hours in Sedentary Activity | 77.81 (8.89) |
% Work Hours in Light Activity | 19.35 (8.29) |
% Work Hours in Moderate Activity | 2.67 (1.79) |
Hemoglobin A1c | N | b | p | 95% CI | Semi-Partial r |
% Work Hours Sitting or Lying | 234 | 0.00 | 0.819 | −0.01–0.01 | 0.02 |
% Work Hours Standing | 234 | 0.00 | 0.948 | −0.01–0.01 | −0.00 |
% Work Hours Stepping | 234 | 0.03 | 0.248 | −0.08–0.02 | −0.07 |
% Work Hours in Sedentary Activity | 234 | 0.01 | 0.566 | −0.01–0.02 | 0.04 |
% Work Hours in Light Activity | 234 | −0.01 | 0.565 | −0.024–0.013 | −0.04 |
% Work Hours in Moderate Activity | 234 | −0.00 | 0.989 | −0.09–0.09 | −0.00 |
EndoScore | N | b | p | 95% CI | Semi-Partial r |
% Work Hours Sitting or Lying | 56 | −0.01 | 0.112 | −0.02–0.00 | −0.21 |
% Work Hours Standing | 56 | 0.01 | 0.136 | −0.00–0.15 | 0.20 |
% Work Hours Stepping | 56 | 0.03 | 0.435 | −0.04–0.09 | 0.11 |
% Work Hours in Sedentary Activity | 56 | −0.01 | 0.409 | −0.02–0.01 | −0.11 |
% Work Hours in Light Activity | 56 | 0.01 | 0.333 | −0.01–0.02 | 0.13 |
% Work Hours in Moderate Activity | 56 | −0.01 | 0.834 | −0.11–0.09 | −0.03 |
Systolic Blood Pressure | N | b | p | 95% CI | Semi-Partial r |
% Work Hours Sitting or Lying | 235 | −0.15 | 0.127 | −0.33–0.04 | −0.10 |
% Work Hours Standing | 235 | 0.15 | 0.139 | −0.05–0.341 | 0.10 |
% Work Hours Stepping | 235 | 0.73 | 0.053 | −0.01–1.46 | 0.12 |
% Work Hours in Sedentary Activity | 235 | 0.05 | 0.707 | −0.22–0.33 | 0.02 |
% Work Hours in Light Activity | 235 | −0.11 | 0.442 | −0.41–0.18 | −0.05 |
% Work Hours in Moderate Activity | 235 | 0.67 | 0.335 | −0.70–2.03 | 0.06 |
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Wipfli, B.; Wild, S.; Donovan, C.; Hanson, G.C.; Thosar, S.S. Sedentary Work and Physiological Markers of Health. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063230
Wipfli B, Wild S, Donovan C, Hanson GC, Thosar SS. Sedentary Work and Physiological Markers of Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(6):3230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063230
Chicago/Turabian StyleWipfli, Brad, Sara Wild, Courtney Donovan, Ginger C. Hanson, and Saurabh S. Thosar. 2021. "Sedentary Work and Physiological Markers of Health" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 3230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063230