Lack of Seasonal Variations in Vitamin D Concentrations among Hospitalized Elderly Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Methods
2.3. Laboratory Measurements
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Study Group
3.2. Seasonal Variation of Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations
4. Discussion
5. Study Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Total (n = 242) | Spring (n = 61) | Summer (n = 77) | Autumn (n = 64) | Winter (n = 40) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female n (%) | 172 (71.1) | 39 (63.9) | 57 (74.0) | 49 (76.6) | 27 (67.5) | 0.38 |
Age (years) | 78 (72–83) | 80 (73–85) | 78 (72–83) | 78 (72–81) | 77 (74–83.5) | 0.38 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 14 (24–31) | 26 (23–30) | 27 (24–30) | 28 (25–32) | 28 (25–34) | 0.09 |
Length of hospitalized (days) | 10 (8–12) | 10 (8–14) | 10 (8–11.5) | 10 (8–12) | 10 (9–12) | 0.36 |
Arterial hypertension n (%) | 198 (81.8) | 48 (78.7) | 60 (77.9) | 54 (84.4) | 36 (90.0) | 0.35 |
Diabetes mellitus n (%) | 85 (35.1) | 16 (26.2) | 31 (40.3) | 20 (31.3) | 18 (45.0) | 0.16 |
Hypercholesterolemia n (%) | 70 (28.9) | 14 (23.0) | 27 (35.1) | 18 (28.1) | 11 (27.5) | 0.46 |
Hyperlipidemia n (%) | 18 (7.4) | 5 (8.2) | 2 (2.6) | 8 (12.5) | 3 (7.5) | 0.16 |
CAD n (%) | 87 (36.0) | 18 (29.5) | 27 (35.1) | 26 (40.6) | 16 (40.0) | 0.56 |
HF n (%) | 63 (26.0) | 19 (31.1) | 20 (26.0) | 14 (21.9) | 19 (47.5) | 0.03 |
Anemia n (%) | 65 (26.9) | 18 (29.5) | 19 (24.7) | 17 (26.6) | 11 (27.5) | 0.93 |
CKD n (%) | 41 (16.9) | 8 (13.1) | 19 (24.7) | 7 (10.9) | 7 (17.5) | 0.13 |
COPD n (%) | 21 (8.7) | 5 (8.2) | 7 (9.1) | 7 (10.9) | 2 (5,0) | 0.76 |
Stroke n (%) | 23 (9.5) | 7 (11.5) | 8 (10.4) | 6 (9.4) | 2 (5.0) | 0.73 |
Obesity n (%) | 92 (38.0) | 16 (26.2) | 22 (28.6) | 25 (39.1) | 16 (40.0) | 0.15 |
Overweight n (%) | 79 (32.6) | 21 (34.4) | 33 (42.9) | 24 (37.5) | 14 (35.0) | 0.15 |
Median (Q1–Q3) | p | |
---|---|---|
Spring | 32.95 (25.96–43.68) | 0.480 |
Summer | 38.69 (27.46–50.67) | |
Autumn | 33.45 (27.08–44.18) | |
Winter | 34.57 (23.46–43.93) | |
Total | 33.95 (29.96–45.18) |
n | Deficiency 25(OH)D ≤50.0 nmol/L | Suboptimal 25(OH)D >50.0–75.0 nmol/L | Adequate 25(OH)D >75.0–125.0 nmol/L | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | 0.297 | ||
Spring | 61 | 51 (83.6) | 9 (14.8) | 1 (1.6) | |
Summer | 77 | 56 (72.7) | 20 (26.0) | 1 (1.3) | |
Autumn | 64 | 52 (81.2) | 12 (18.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
Winter | 40 | 34 (85.0) | 5 (12.5) | 1 (2.5) | |
Total | 242 | 193 (79.8) | 46 (19.0) | 3 (1.2) |
n (%) | Median (Q1–Q3) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
January | 14 (5.8) | 43.56 (23.71–50.67) | 0.193 |
February | 14 (5.8) | 36.69 (25.71–43.68) | |
March | 17 (7.0) | 30.45 (21.22–34.44) | |
April | 18 (7.4) | 31.95 (27.21–46.68) | |
May | 21 (8.7) | 32.70 (23.21–38.69) | |
June | 20 (8.3) | 35.69 (27.46–49.42) | |
July | 28 (11.5) | 42.18 (31.08–53.41) | |
August | 24 (9.9) | 37.44 (27.46–50.54) | |
September | 30 (12.4) | 33.45 (22.46–47.92) | |
October | 14 (5.8) | 36.57 (28.45–49.92) | |
November | 22 (9.1) | 30.58 (25.96–35.44) | |
December | 20 (8.3) | 34.44 (28.70–46.80) |
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Nowak, J.; Hudzik, B.; Jagielski, P.; Kulik-Kupka, K.; Danikiewicz, A.; Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska, B. Lack of Seasonal Variations in Vitamin D Concentrations among Hospitalized Elderly Patients. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1676. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041676
Nowak J, Hudzik B, Jagielski P, Kulik-Kupka K, Danikiewicz A, Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska B. Lack of Seasonal Variations in Vitamin D Concentrations among Hospitalized Elderly Patients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):1676. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041676
Chicago/Turabian StyleNowak, Justyna, Bartosz Hudzik, Paweł Jagielski, Karolina Kulik-Kupka, Aleksander Danikiewicz, and Barbara Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska. 2021. "Lack of Seasonal Variations in Vitamin D Concentrations among Hospitalized Elderly Patients" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1676. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041676