The Growth Factors in Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin (A-PRF) Reduce Postoperative Complications after Mandibular Third Molar Odontectomy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. PRF Preparation
2.2. Surgical Procedure
2.3. Postoperative Evaluations
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristic of Patients
3.2. Influence of A-PRF Application on Postoperative Complications
3.2.1. Pain and Analgesics Intake
3.2.2. Trismus
3.2.3. Edema
3.2.4. Followings Connected with Bleeding
3.2.5. Prevalence of Dry Socket
3.2.6. Prevalence of Pyrexia
3.2.7. Skin Warmth
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
A-PRF | advanced platelet-rich fibrin |
Al | Alare |
BMP-2 | bone morphogenic factor 2 |
BMP-7 | bone morphogenic factor 7 |
Ch | chelion |
DF | degrees of freedom |
F | F ratio |
FGF | fibroblast growth factor |
IL-1β | interleukin 1β |
IL-4 | interleukin 4 |
IL-6 | interleukin 6 |
L-PRF | leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin |
MS | mean squares |
p | p value |
PD-EGF | platelet-derived epidermal growth factor |
PDGF | platelet-derived growth factor |
Pg | pogonion |
PRP | platelet-rich plasma |
SS | sum of squares |
T | tragus |
T0 | time ‘zero’ |
TGF | transforming growth factor |
TGFβ-1 | tumor necrosis factor β-1 |
TNFα | tumor necrosis factor α |
TSP-1 | thrombospondin-1 |
VAS | visual analog scale |
VEGF | vascular-endothelial growth factor |
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Clinical and Pathological Patient Characteristics | Control Group | Study Group | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Median ± SD (Range) [Years] | 28.5 ± 5.7 (18–42) | 29.3 ± 7.4 (19–47) | - | ||
Gender | Female | 32 (64%) | 33 (66%) | 0.216 | |
Male | 18 (36%) | 17 (34%) | |||
Grade of tooth retention | Complete retention | 9 (18%) | 3 (6%) | 0.003 | |
Partial retention | 41 (82%) | 47 (94%) | |||
Tooth position | Vertical | 25 (50%) | 33 (66%) | 0.839 | |
Horizontal | 25 (50%) | 17 (34%) | |||
Time of surgery procedure | <30 min | 41 (82%) | 40 (80%) | 0.114 | |
≥30 min | 9 (19%) | 10 (20%) | |||
Pain (VAS scale) | 3rd day | 0–3 | 11 (22%) | 42 (84%) | <0.001 |
4–6 | 25 (50%) | 8 (16%) | |||
7–10 | 14 (28%) | 0 (0%) | |||
7th day | 0–3 | 48 (96%) | 49 (98%) | <0.001 | |
4–6 | 2 (4%) | 1 (2%) | |||
7–10 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
14th day | 0–3 | 50 (100%) | 50 (100%) | >0.050 | |
4–6 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
7–10 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Painkillers intake | 3rd day | median (range) | 3 (0–4) doses | 2 (0–4) | <0.001 |
7th day | median (range) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0.048 | |
14th day | median (range) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 | |
Trismus | 3rd day | Lack of trismus | 5 (10%) | 23 (46%) | <0.001 |
First grade | 13 (26%) | 22 (44%) | |||
Second grade | 21 (42%) | 3 (6%) | |||
Third grade | 11 (22%) | 1 (2%) | |||
7th day | Lack of trismus | 29 (58%) | 45 (90%) | <0.001 | |
First grade | 18 (36%) | 5 (10%) | |||
Second grade | 3 (6%) | 0 (%) | |||
Third grade | 0 (%) | 0 (%) | |||
14th day | Lack of trismus | 50 (100% | 50 (100% | 0.495 | |
First grade | 0 (%) | 0 (%) | |||
Second grade | 0 (%) | 0 (%) | |||
Third grade | 0 (%) | 0 (%) | |||
Edema | Texture of edema | ||||
3rd day | Lack of edema | 4 (8%) | 12 (24%) | 0.006 | |
Soft edema | 33 (66%) | 35 (70%) | |||
Hard edema | 13 (26%) | 13 (26%) | |||
7th day | Lack of edema | 24 (48%) | 45 (90%) | <0.001 | |
Soft edema | 18 (36%) | 5 (10%) | |||
Hard edema | 8 (16%) | 0 (0%) | |||
14th day | Lack of edema | 47 (94%) | 50 (100%) | 0.242 | |
Soft edema | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Hard edema | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Size of edema | |||||
3rd day | Lack of edema | 4 (8%) | 12 (24%) | <0.001 | |
Small edema | 17 (34%) | 35 (70%) | |||
Medium edema | 27 (54%) | 3 (6%) | |||
Large edema | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | |||
7th day | Lack of edema | 24 (48%) | 45 (90%) | <0.001 | |
Small edema | 25 (50%) | 5 (10%) | |||
Medium edema | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Large edema | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
14th day | Lack of edema | 47 (94%) | 50 (100%) | 0.242 | |
Small edema | 3 (6%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Medium edema | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Large edema | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Bleeding time | <30 min | 2 (4%) | 21 (42%) | <0.001 | |
Up to 1 h | 36 (72%) | 22 (44%) | |||
2–3 h | 6 (12%) | 5 (10%) | |||
4–6 h | 6 (12%) | 2 (4%) | |||
Hematoma | 3rd day | Lack of hematoma | 35 (70%) | 50 (100%) | <0.001 |
Buccal hematoma | 9 (18%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Submandible hematoma | 5 (10%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Neck hematoma | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | |||
7th day | Lack of hematoma | 42 (84%) | 47 (94%) | 0.453 | |
Buccal hematoma | 3 (6%) | 1 (2%) | |||
Submandible hematoma | 3 (6%) | 1 (2%) | |||
Neck hematoma | 2 (4%) | 1 (2%) | |||
14th day | Lack of hematoma | 50 (100%) | 50 (100%) | 1.000 | |
Buccal hematoma | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Submandible hematoma | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Neck hematoma | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Secondary bleeding | 3rd day | No | 48 (96%) | 50 (100%) | 0.495 |
Yes | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | |||
7th day | No | 50 (100%) | 50 (100%) | 1.000 | |
Yes | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
14th day | No | 50 (100%) | 50 (100%) | 1.000 | |
Yes | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Dry socket | 3rd day | No | 49 (98%) | 50 (100%) | 1.000 |
Yes | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | |||
7th day | No | 49 (98%) | 49 (98%) | 1.000 | |
Yes | 1 (2%) | 1 (2%) | |||
14th day | No | 50 (100%) | 50 (100%) | 1.000 | |
Yes | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Pyrexia | 3rd day | No | 42 (84%) | 45 (90%) | 0.552 |
Yes | 8 (16%) | 5 (10%) | |||
7th day | No | 49 (98%) | 50 (100%) | 1.000 | |
Yes | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | |||
14th day | No | 50 (100%) | 50 (100%) | 1.000 | |
Yes | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Skin warmth | 3rd day | No | 37 (74%) | 47 (94%) | 0.014 |
Yes | 13 (26%) | 3 (6%) | |||
7th day | No | 50 (100%) | 50 (100%) | 1.000 | |
Yes | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
14th day | No | 50 (100%) | 50 (100%) | 1.000 | |
Yes | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
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Starzyńska, A.; Kaczoruk-Wieremczuk, M.; Lopez, M.A.; Passarelli, P.C.; Adamska, P. The Growth Factors in Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin (A-PRF) Reduce Postoperative Complications after Mandibular Third Molar Odontectomy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 13343. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413343
Starzyńska A, Kaczoruk-Wieremczuk M, Lopez MA, Passarelli PC, Adamska P. The Growth Factors in Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin (A-PRF) Reduce Postoperative Complications after Mandibular Third Molar Odontectomy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(24):13343. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413343
Chicago/Turabian StyleStarzyńska, Anna, Magdalena Kaczoruk-Wieremczuk, Michele Antonio Lopez, Pier Carmine Passarelli, and Paulina Adamska. 2021. "The Growth Factors in Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin (A-PRF) Reduce Postoperative Complications after Mandibular Third Molar Odontectomy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24: 13343. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413343
APA StyleStarzyńska, A., Kaczoruk-Wieremczuk, M., Lopez, M. A., Passarelli, P. C., & Adamska, P. (2021). The Growth Factors in Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin (A-PRF) Reduce Postoperative Complications after Mandibular Third Molar Odontectomy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 13343. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413343