Exploring the Experiences of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults in Accessing a Trans Knowledgeable Primary Care Physician
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Research Question
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Measures
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographics
3.2. Descriptive Results
3.3. Regression Analyses
3.3.1. Physician Visit in the Past Year
3.3.2. Having a PCP
3.3.3. PCP TGD Knowledge
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographics | % (n) | % (n) | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender Identity: | Education | ||
Woman | 13.51 (3743) | Less than High School/GED | 3.27 (906) |
Trans Woman | 20.34 (5636) | High School or GED | 12.51 (3467) |
Man | 8.26 (2288) | Some College, no Degree | 37.84 (10,486) |
Trans Man | 21.13 (5857) | Associate’s Degree | 8.42 (2333) |
Non-binary/Genderqueer | 34.15 (9464) | Bachelor’s Degree | 19.09 (5291) |
Cross-dresser | 2.62 (727) | Some Grad School, No Degree | 5.96 (1652) |
Sexual Orientation: | Master’s Degree | 9.24 (2562) | |
Asexual/Demisexual | 11.80 (3271) | PhD or Professional Degree | 3.67 (1018) |
Bisexual | 14.90 (4129) | Have Insurance | |
Gay | 4.75 (1316) | No Insurance | 12.73 (3504) |
Heterosexual/Straight | 12.13 (3363) | Private Insurance | 61.50 (16,933) |
Lesbian | 10.96 (3057) | Public Insurance | 11.17 (3074) |
Pansexual | 18.24 (5056) | Military Insurance | 2.18 (601) |
Queer | 20.59 (5706) | Multiple Insurance Types | 12.42 (3420) |
Additional Orientation | 6.63 (1837) | Household Income | |
Race/Ethnicity | No Income | 3.94 (996) | |
American Indian | 1.07 (297) | $1 to $9999 | 12.31 (3113) |
Asian/Asian American | 2.52 (699) | $10,000 to $24,999 | 19.87 (5027) |
Biracial/Multiracial | 4.65 (1290) | $25,000 to $49,999 | 22.47 (5683) |
Black/African American | 2.79 (773) | $50,000 to $99,999 | 24.75 (6262) |
Latino/a/Hispanic | 5.24 (1453) | $100,000 or more | 16.66 (4215) |
White/European American | 80.76 (22,382) | Military | 8.69 (2403) |
Additional Race/Ethnicity | 2.96 (821) | Overall Health | |
Housing: Ref Personal Housing | Poor | 5.07 (1404) | |
Personal Housing | 90.55 (24,980) | Fair | 15.66 (4336) |
Congregate Housing | 0.51 (142) | Good | 33.77 (9351) |
Insecure Housing | 8.93 (2464) | Very Good | 33.44 (9261) |
Religious | 62.18 (10,460) | Excellent | 12.06 (3339) |
Age (Mean; SD) | 31.23; 13.52 | Disabled | 28.08 (7764) |
Regression 1 Past-Year Doctor N = 27,715 | Regression 2 Have a PCP N = 27,715 | Regression 3 PCP TNB Knowledge N = 13,295 | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender Identity: (Ref Man) | |||
Woman | 0.74 [0.57–0.96] * | 0.82 [0.67–0.99] * | 0.95 [.80–1.12) |
Trans Woman | 0.62 [0.49–0.79] *** | 0.81 [0.67–0.98] * | 1.18 [1.00–1.39) * |
Trans Man | 0.72 [0.57–0.91] ** | 0.93 [0.78–1.11] | 0.93 [0.80–1.09) |
Non-binary/Genderqueer | 0.42 [0.34–0.52] *** | 0.72 [0.61–0.86] *** | 0.47 [0.39–0.57) *** |
Cross-dresser | 0.40 [0.17–0.33] *** | 0.42 [0.30–0.53] *** | 0.32 [0.22–0.47) *** |
Sexual Orientation: (Ref Heterosexual) | |||
Asexual/Demisexual | 0.74 (0.59–0.93) * | 0.91 [0.76–1.11] | 0.86 [0.71–1.04) |
Bisexual | 0.82 (0.66–1.01) | 0.87 [0.73–1.04] | 0.85 [0.72–0.99) * |
Gay | 0.85 (0.64–1.13) | 0.99 [0.78–1.25] | 1.12 [0.92–1.37) |
Lesbian | 0.82 (0.65–1.04) | 0.83 [0.69–1.01] | 0.83 [0.70–0.98) * |
Pansexual | 0.78 (0.63–0.96) * | 0.86 [0.73–1.01] | 0.82 [0.69–0.97) * |
Queer | 1.11 (0.90–1.37) | 0.91 [0.77–1.07] | 1.28 [1.10–1.50) ** |
Additional Orientation | 0.84 (0.65–1.09) | 0.80 [0.65–0.9]* | 0.80 [0.65–0.96) * |
Race/Ethnicity (Ref White) | |||
American Indian | 1.35 (0.87–2.00) | 1.20 [0.87–1.66] | 0.99 [0.73–1.34] |
Asian/Asian American | 0.93 (0.71–1.21) | 1.11 [0.90–1.38] | 1.25 [1.02–1.53] * |
Biracial/Multiracial | 0.73 (0.59–0.90) ** | 0.91 [0.77–1.08] | 1.17 [0.97–1.40] |
Black/African American | 0.87 (0.70–1.09) | 1.00 [0.83–1.22] | 1.64 [1.32–2.03] *** |
Latino/a/Hispanic | 0.84 (0.71–0.99) * | 1.08 [0.94–1.25] | 1.13 [0.96–1.33] |
Additional Race/Ethnicity | 0.71 (0.52–0.97) * | 1.04 [0.82–1.32] | 1.25 [0.99–1.56] |
Housing: (Ref Personal Housing) | |||
Congregate Housing | 1.36 (0.55–3.37) | 1.11 [0.59–2.10] | 1.84 [1.15–2.97] * |
Insecure Housing | 0.71 (0.60–0.84) *** | 0.63 [0.55–0.72] *** | 0.96 [0.80–1.15] |
Religious | 1.22 (1.09–1.36) *** | 1.16 [1.07–1.27] ** | 1.03 [0.94–1.13] |
Education: (Ref Less than Diploma or GED) | |||
HS Diploma or GED | 1.07 (0.78–1.48) | 0.82 [0.61–1.09] | 0.99 [0.64–1.52]* |
Some College, No Deg | 1.59 [1.17–2.15] ** | 1.03 [0.78–1.36] | 0.80 [0.53–1.21] |
Associate’s Degree | 1.28 [0.90–1.81] | 0.91 [0.67–1.24] | 0.92 [0.60–1.40] |
Bachelor’s Degree | 1.58 [1.15–2.18] ** | 0.86 [0.65–1.15] | 1.14 [0.75–1.72] |
Some Grad School, No Deg | 2.25 [1.67–3.67] *** | 1.13 [0.82–1.55] | 1.06 [0.69–1.62] |
Master’s Degree | 2.25 [1.55–3.27] *** | 1.07 [0.78–1.47] | 0.99 [0.65–1.51] |
PhD or Professional Deg | 1.73 [1.07–2.79] * | 0.97 [0.66–1.44] | 0.82 [0.53–1.28] |
Insurance: (Ref No Insurance) | |||
Private Insurance | 3.75 [3.29–4.27] *** | 5.84 [5.20–6.56] *** | 0.99 [0.83–1.18] |
Public Insurance | 4.89 [3.90–6.12] *** | 7.34 [6.18–8.73] *** | 1.10 [0.89–1.37] |
Military Insurance | 3.33 [2.17–5.10] *** | 7.17 [5.00–10.27] *** | 0.55 [0.41–0.76] *** |
Multiple Insurance Types | 5.23 [4.24–6.45] *** | 6.70 [5.70–1.87] *** | 1.04 [0.85–1.26] |
Household Income: (Ref No Income) | |||
$1 to $9999 | 1.07 [0.80–1.43] | 0.86 [0.68–1.10] | 1.01 [0.70–1.45] |
$10,000 to $24,999 | 1.06 [0.81–1.40] | 0.90 [0.72–1.13] | 1.16 [0.83–1.63] |
$25,000 to $49,999 | 1.22 [0.92–1.61] | 1.10 [0.87–1.38] | 1.20 [0.86–1.68] |
$50,000 to $99,999 | 1.54 [1.16–2.05] ** | 1.49 [1.18–1.89] ** | 1.18 [0.84–1.64] |
$100,000 or more | 1.29 [1.40–2.59] *** | 1.92 [1.50–2.46] *** | 1.14 [0.81–1.60] |
Military | 1.24 [0.98–1.56] | 1.28 [1.07–1.54] ** | 0.83 [0.72–0.96] * |
Age | 1.01 [1.00–1.02] *** | 1.03 [1.03–1.04] *** | 1.01 [1.01–1.01] *** |
Overall Health | 1.08 [1.03–1.14] ** | 1.13 [1.08–1.18] *** | 1.38 [1.32–1.45] *** |
Disabled | 1.83 [1.60–2.08] *** | 1.43 [1.28–1.59] *** | 1.02 [0.92–1.14] |
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Kattari, S.K.; Call, J.; Holloway, B.T.; Kattari, L.; Seelman, K.L. Exploring the Experiences of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults in Accessing a Trans Knowledgeable Primary Care Physician. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 13057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413057
Kattari SK, Call J, Holloway BT, Kattari L, Seelman KL. Exploring the Experiences of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults in Accessing a Trans Knowledgeable Primary Care Physician. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(24):13057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413057
Chicago/Turabian StyleKattari, Shanna K., Jarrod Call, Brendon T. Holloway, Leonardo Kattari, and Kristie L. Seelman. 2021. "Exploring the Experiences of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults in Accessing a Trans Knowledgeable Primary Care Physician" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24: 13057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413057
APA StyleKattari, S. K., Call, J., Holloway, B. T., Kattari, L., & Seelman, K. L. (2021). Exploring the Experiences of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults in Accessing a Trans Knowledgeable Primary Care Physician. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 13057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413057