Views of Own Body Weight and the Perceived Risks of Developing Obesity and NCDs in South African Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Design
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Ethical Consideration
3. Results
3.1. Introduction and Socio-Demographics
3.2. Perceived Bodyweight
3.3. Perceived Risk of Developing NCDs
3.4. Perceived Factors Influencing Body Weight
3.5. Self-Reported Weight Management Practices
3.6. Association between Misperception of Body Weight and Variables
4. Discussion
Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Socio-Demographic Characteristics | n | % |
---|---|---|
Age | ||
18–35 years | 711 | 67 |
36–55 years | 280 | 27 |
Older than 55 years | 58 | 6 |
Sex | ||
Females | 586 | 56 |
Males | 463 | 44 |
Marital status | ||
Ever married | 311 | 30 |
Single | 713 | 70 |
Educational level | ||
No formal education | 11 | 1 |
Primary education | 48 | 4 |
Secondary education | 268 | 26 |
Tertiary education | 258 | 25 |
Employment status | ||
Not employed | 494 | 47 |
Employed | 547 | 53 |
Area of residence | ||
Urban | 668 | 64 |
Rural | 373 | 36 |
BMI classification | ||
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 64 | 6 |
Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 424 | 40 |
Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) | 290 | 28 |
Obese (30.0 kg/m2 and above) | 272 | 26 |
Perceived Weight Status | Correctly Perceived Weight | Misperceived Weight | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 0 | 0 | 5 | 100.0 | 5 |
Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 2 | 1.2 | 159 | 98.8 | 161 |
Overweight and obese (25.0–above 40 kg/m2) | 0 | 0.0 | 381 | 100.0 | 381 |
Perception of Risk of Developing NCDs | Not Overweight | Overweight | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |
High blood pressure | ||||
No | 19 | 8 | 224 | 92 |
Yes | 17 | 5 | 331 | 95 |
Diabetes mellitus | ||||
No | 25 | 7 | 323 | 93 |
Yes | 11 | 5 | 231 | 95 |
High cholesterol | ||||
No | 24 | 8 | 296 | 93 |
Yes | 12 | 4 | 257 | 96 |
CVD | ||||
No | 21 | 7 | 260 | 93 |
Yes | 15 | 5 | 295 | 95 |
Variables | Misperception of Body Weight (Bivariate Analysis) | Misperception of Body Weight (Multivariate Analysis) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p Value | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p Value | |
Age | 0.98 | 0.97–1.00 | 0.09 | - | - | - |
Gender | 0.88 | 0.61–1.25 | 0.48 | - | - | - |
Body Mass Index | 0.93 | 0.90–0.97 | * 0.00 | 0.94 | 0.91–0.98 | * 0.00 |
Education level | 1.17 | 0.97–1.41 | 0.08 | - | - | - |
Employment status | 1.59 | 1.13–2.24 | * 0.00 | 1.61 | 1.12–2.31 | * 0.00 |
Marital status | 1.18 | 0.84–1.67 | 0.32 | - | - | - |
Area of residence | 0.98 | 0.68–1.39 | 0.92 | - | - | - |
Weight management behaviour | 1.27 | 0.97–1.66 | 0.07 | - | - | - |
Risk of developing high blood pressure | 0.54 | 0.38–0.76 | * 0.00 | - | - | - |
Risk of developing diabetes mellitus | 0.45 | 0.32–0.64 | * 0.00 | 0.61 | 0.37–1.00 | * 0.05 |
Risk of developing high cholesterol | 0.49 | 0.35–0.69 | * 0.00 | - | - | - |
Risk of developing cardiovascular diseases | 0.51 | 0.36–0.72 | * 0.00 | - | - | - |
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Manafe, M.; Chelule, P.K.; Madiba, S. Views of Own Body Weight and the Perceived Risks of Developing Obesity and NCDs in South African Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111265
Manafe M, Chelule PK, Madiba S. Views of Own Body Weight and the Perceived Risks of Developing Obesity and NCDs in South African Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111265
Chicago/Turabian StyleManafe, Mashudu, Paul K. Chelule, and Sphiwe Madiba. 2021. "Views of Own Body Weight and the Perceived Risks of Developing Obesity and NCDs in South African Adults" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111265
APA StyleManafe, M., Chelule, P. K., & Madiba, S. (2021). Views of Own Body Weight and the Perceived Risks of Developing Obesity and NCDs in South African Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111265