Within-Person Variation of Affective Well-Being during and after Exercise: Does the Person–Exercise Fit Matter?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure and Intervention
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Perceived Competence
2.3.2. Motives and Goals for Exercise
2.3.3. Perceived Incentives in Exercise
2.3.4. Affective Valence
2.3.5. Exercise Enjoyment
2.4. Data Preparation and Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Session A | Session B | Session C | |
---|---|---|---|
Focused incentives | Figure/Appearance, Health | Contact, Competition/Performance | Aesthetics, Distraction/Catharsis |
Warm-up 5 min | Dynamic stretching and gentle strengthening exercises, e.g., jumping jacks, high knees, squats with upper body rotation | Name game and ice-breaker with light running, e.g., participants had to find someone, who has the same hobby | Full-body mobilization with flowing movements, e.g., leg swings, easy body waves, hip circles |
Main part 20 min | Cardio exercises, e.g., running/walking around doing lunge jumps when the instructor claps; core-strength exercises | Competitive group games with the ranking announced afterwards, e.g., ball tag, relay races with a hula hoop | Several dance activities with music, e.g., jazz and contemporary dance elements; Tai Chi exercises focusing on breathing and soft movements, e.g., rollback and push movements |
Cool-down 5 min | Full-body stretching, e.g., hamstrings and lower back, neck and chest | Cooperative game, e.g., the whole group stands in a circle holding hands, one half leans forward the other half backward | Body awareness exercises, in standing, with eyes closed, e.g., feeling different parts of the body on a mental journey |
Variables (Range) | ICC | Between Persons-Level | Within Person-Level | |
---|---|---|---|---|
M | ơ2 | ơ2 | ||
Perceived competence (1 to 7) | 0.295 | 4.903 | 0.601 | 1.417 |
Motive–incentive fit (0 to 4) | 0.211 | 0.963 | 0.084 | 0.261 |
Affective valence during session (−5 to +5) | 0.107 | 3.062 | 0.318 | 2.619 |
Affective valence after session (−5 to +5) | 0.322 | 3.654 | 0.597 | 1.249 |
Exercise enjoyment after session (0 to 100) | 0.188 | 69.558 | 64.050 | 234.294 |
Affective Valence during Exercise | Affective Valence after Exercise | Enjoyment after Exercise | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | β | p | B | SE | β | p | B | SE | β | p | |
Age (control variable) | 0.009 | 0.006 | 0.153 | 0.112 | 0.002 | 0.010 | 0.031 | 0.835 | 0.151 | 0.117 | 0.170 | 0.198 |
Gender (control variable) | 0.283 | 0.158 | 0.191 | 0.128 | 0.007 | 0.180 | 0.004 | 0.967 | 1.357 | 2.457 | 0.059 | 0.581 |
Perceived competence | 0.501 | 0.050 | 0.312 | <0.0005 | 0.214 | 0.054 | 0.189 | <0.0005 | 8.000 | 1.064 | 0.469 | <0.0005 |
Motive–incentive fit | −0.662 | 0.069 | −0.177 | 0.011 | −0.413 | 0.083 | −0.157 | <0.0005 | −8.206 | 2.142 | −0.206 | <0.0005 |
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Schmid, J.; Gut, V.; Schorno, N.; Yanagida, T.; Conzelmann, A. Within-Person Variation of Affective Well-Being during and after Exercise: Does the Person–Exercise Fit Matter? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 549. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020549
Schmid J, Gut V, Schorno N, Yanagida T, Conzelmann A. Within-Person Variation of Affective Well-Being during and after Exercise: Does the Person–Exercise Fit Matter? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(2):549. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020549
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchmid, Julia, Vanessa Gut, Nina Schorno, Takuya Yanagida, and Achim Conzelmann. 2021. "Within-Person Variation of Affective Well-Being during and after Exercise: Does the Person–Exercise Fit Matter?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 549. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020549