Drinking and Night-Time Driving May Increase the Risk of Severe Health Outcomes: A 5-Year Retrospective Study of Traffic Injuries among International Travelers at a University Hospital Emergency Center in Thailand
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overall Study Design and Samples
2.2. Data Measurement
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Description of Overall Travelers with RTIs
3.2. Factor Associated with Severe Health Outcome
3.3. Multinomial Logistic Model on the Severity Outcome
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Outcome (n = 720) | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Severe n = 576 (%) | Hospitalization n = 80 (%) | Fatality n = 64 (%) | ||
Demographic characteristics | ||||
Male sex | 388 (67.4) | 59 (73.8) | 49 (76.6) | 0.195 |
Age, mean years (range) | 28.39 (1–80) | 27.01 (1–74) | 31.22 (9–80) | 0.316 |
Southeast Asian | 475 (82.5) | 70 (87.5) | 49 (76.6) | 0.229 |
Right-hand traffic | 531 (92.2) | 74 (92.5) | 58 (90.6) | 0.955 |
Risks | ||||
Motorized 2–3 wheelers | 459 (79.8) | 67 (83.8) | 44 (68.8) | 0.034 |
Alcohol drinking | 65 (12.7) | 24 (33.8) | 6 (9.4) | <0.01 |
Possibility of illicit drug use | 445 (77.3) | 62 (77.5) | 61 (95.3) | 0.013 |
Night-time driving | 318 (55.4) | 62 (77.5) | 42 (65.6) | <0.01 |
Preventions | ||||
Seatbelt/helmet use | 46 (8.9) | 2 (2.9) | 1 (1.6) | 0.001 |
History of tetanus vaccination | 139 (24.1) | 12 (15.0) | 9 (14.1) | 0.004 |
Variable | −2 Log Likelihood of Reduced Model | Chi-Square | Degrees of Freedom | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 106.412 | 0 | 0 | - |
Alcohol drinking | 135.737 | 30.325 | 4 | <0.001 |
Night-time driving | 116.595 | 10.184 | 2 | 0.006 |
History of tetanus vaccination | 117.847 | 11.435 | 4 | 0.022 |
General Characteristics | Hospitalization vs. Non-Severe | Fatality vs. Non-Severe | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate (β) | S.E. | OR (95% CI) | Estimate (β) | S.E. | OR (95% CI) | |
Risk | ||||||
Alcohol drinking | 1.08 | 0.29 | 2.94 (1.66–5.20) | −0.61 | 0.45 | 0.54 (0.22–1.32) |
Nighttime driving | 1.02 | 2.81 | 2.77 (1.60–4.81) | 0.43 | 0.28 | 1.54 (0.89–2.64) |
Prevention | ||||||
History of tetanus vaccination | −0.43 | 0.26 | 0.45 (0.23–0.89) | −1.01 | 0.39 | 0.36 (0.17–0.78) |
General Characteristics | Hospitalization vs. Non-Severe | Fatality vs. Non-Severe | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate (β) | S.E. | AOR (95% CI) | Estimate (β) | S.E. | AOR (95% CI) | |
Risk | ||||||
Alcohol drinking | 0.93 | 0.30 | 2.53 (1.41–4.55) | −0.636 | 0.46 | 0.63 (0.23–1.81) |
Night-time driving | 0.93 | 0.32 | 2.54 (1.36–4.75) | 0.332 | 0.29 | 1.28 (0.72–2.29) |
Prevention | ||||||
History of tetanus vaccination | −0.69 | 0.38 | 0.49 (0.24–1.04) | −0.985 | 0.39 | 0.37 (0.17–0.81) |
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Sapsirisavat, V.; Mahikul, W. Drinking and Night-Time Driving May Increase the Risk of Severe Health Outcomes: A 5-Year Retrospective Study of Traffic Injuries among International Travelers at a University Hospital Emergency Center in Thailand. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9823. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189823
Sapsirisavat V, Mahikul W. Drinking and Night-Time Driving May Increase the Risk of Severe Health Outcomes: A 5-Year Retrospective Study of Traffic Injuries among International Travelers at a University Hospital Emergency Center in Thailand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9823. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189823
Chicago/Turabian StyleSapsirisavat, Vorapot, and Wiriya Mahikul. 2021. "Drinking and Night-Time Driving May Increase the Risk of Severe Health Outcomes: A 5-Year Retrospective Study of Traffic Injuries among International Travelers at a University Hospital Emergency Center in Thailand" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9823. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189823