Digital Citizen Science for Responding to COVID-19 Crisis: Experiences from Iran
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Characteristics and Typologies of Citizen Science Projects
3. Citizen Science in Iran
4. COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran
5. Civic Participation through Volunteering for Coping with COVID-19 Crisis in Iran
6. Iranian Online Citizen Science Projects for Responding to COVID-19
6.1. COVID-19 Self-Assessment and Self-Reporting System and Application (App)
6.2. COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing App
6.3. COVID-19 Cough Audio Sample Collection
6.4. Translation of COVID-19 Educational, Scientific, and Technical Materials
7. Insights from the Past for the Current and Future COVID-19-Related Citizen Science Projects
7.1. Initial Steps Needed for Capacity Building for Citizen Science in Public Sector and Academic and Research Institutions of Iran
7.2. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Citizen Science Projects for Emergency Response through Early Preparedness and Coordination
7.3. Organizational Measures for Enhancing the Recruitment and Retention of Volunteers
7.3.1. Volunteer Recruitment and Retention in Contact Tracing Projects
7.3.1.1. Promotion, Advertising, and Marketing
7.3.1.2. Recognition, Communication, and Feedback
7.4. Social Media as a Platform for Citizen Science Emergency Response Projects
8. Conclusions and Recommendation
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Project Name | Scientific Area | Number of Contributors/Registered Users | Least Expected Engagement Length for Task(s) Fulfillment | Technology for Data Collection/Data Exchange | Launch Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CSASR | Epidemiological Monitoring | >12 million (by 3 April 2020) | One-time (if there is no change in the contributor’s health condition after the first contribution) | Dedicated Web App | 4 March 2020 |
AC19 | Epidemiological Monitoring | 4 million (by 15 March 2020) | One-time (if there is no change in the contributor’s health condition after the first contribution) | Dedicated Web App/Dedicated Mobile App | 3 March 2020 |
Mask | Epidemiological Monitoring | >1 million (by 21 April 2020) | Long-term | Dedicated Web App/Dedicated Mobile App | 2 March 2020 |
Gharbalgar COVID-19 | Artificial Intelligence | 500 (by 28 April 2020) | One-time | Dedicated Web App/Dedicated Mobile App | 10 April 2020 |
CHIACD | Community Health | 300 (in early May 2020) | One-time/Short-term (depending on the type of the task) | Social Media | 24 February 2020 |
Project Name | Outcome of Citizen Science Project | Leadership Approach | Stage(s) of Volunteers’ Involvement | Type of Project (Shirk et al. Typology) | Type of Project (Haklay Typology) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CSASR | Science-informed management/policy/response | Top-down: public sector-led | Single-stage: data gathering and basic processing/interpretation | Contributory | Crowdsourcing |
AC19 | Science-informed management/policy/response | Top-down: public sector-led | Single-stage: data gathering and basic processing/interpretation | Contributory | Crowdsourcing |
Mask | Science-informed management/policy/response | Bottom-up: community-led | Multiple stages: problem definition, study design, research tools/methods design, data gathering and basic processing/interpretation, data analysis, and interpretation | Collegial | Extreme |
Gharbalgar COVID-19 | Scientific/research | Top-down: scientist-/researcher-led | Single-stage: data gathering and basic processing/interpretation | Contributory | Crowdsourcing |
CHIACD | Science-informed management/policy/response | Bottom-up: community-led | Multiple stages: problem definition, study design, data gathering and basic processing/interpretation, presentation, and dissemination of results | Collegial | Extreme |
Event Day No. | Date | Details |
---|---|---|
1 | 21 March 2020 | Content: news report on Mask project [169] Host program (IRIB TV channel): a news program (IRIB TV1) Duration: 3:00 min Viewership level of host program: high |
2 | 5 April 2020 | Content: the minister of MOHME of Iran sent an official letter to the director-general of IRIB to introduce the Mask project and request for the showing of the animated advertisement videos of the project and the coverage of it in the IRIB’s programs [170] |
Content: news report on Mask project [171] Host program (IRIB TV channel): a news program (IRIB TV1) Duration: 2:16 min Viewership level of host program: low | ||
Content: news report on Mask project [171] Host program (IRIB TV channel): a news program (IRINN) Duration: 2:16 min Viewership level of host program: low | ||
3 | 17 April 2020 | Content: mass SMS message of MOHME of Iran to all cell phones nationwide with recommendation to install Mask app [172] |
4 | 19 April 2020 | Content: the president of Iran introduced the Mask app and its applications in monitoring and tracking the disease [173] Venue: in the briefing of National Task Force for Combating Coronavirus Disease weekly meeting (live broadcasted by IRINN) |
Content: news report on Mask project [174] Host program (IRIB TV channel): a news program (IRIB TV1) Duration: 2:54 min Viewership level of host program: high | ||
Content: talk show on Mask project [175] Host program (IRIB TV channel): an entrepreneurship and business program (IRIB TV1) Duration: 23:15 min Viewership level of host program: low | ||
Content: in-studio interview on Mask project [176] Host program (IRIB TV channel): a news program (IRIB TV1) Duration: 6:25 min Viewership level of host program: high | ||
5 | 20 April 2020 | Content: the spokesperson of the government of Iran announced the government’s (and the MOHME of Iran’s) support of the Mask app and recommended Iranians to use it [177] Venue: in the weekly press conference of the spokesperson of the government of Iran (live broadcasted by IRINN) |
6 | 28 April 2020 | Content: the spokesperson of MOHME of Iran announced that the Mask app is the only approved app by MOHME [178] Venue: in MOHME press conference |
7 | 9 May 2020 | Content: the deputy minister of MOHME of Iran recommended Iranians to install the Mask app [179] Venue: in MOHME press conference (live broadcasted by IRINN) |
8 | 29 May 2020 | Content: COVID-19 daily status report by the spokesperson of MOHME of Iran (including the recommendation to Iranians to use Mask app) [180] Host program (IRIB TV channel): a news program (IRINN) Duration: 00:36 min Viewership level of host program: low |
9 | 17 June 2020 | Content: news report on Mask project [181] Host program (IRIB TV channel): a news program (IRIB TV1) Duration: 3:17 min Viewership level of host program: high |
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Vahidi, H.; Taleai, M.; Yan, W.; Shaw, R. Digital Citizen Science for Responding to COVID-19 Crisis: Experiences from Iran. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189666
Vahidi H, Taleai M, Yan W, Shaw R. Digital Citizen Science for Responding to COVID-19 Crisis: Experiences from Iran. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189666
Chicago/Turabian StyleVahidi, Hossein, Mohammad Taleai, Wanglin Yan, and Rajib Shaw. 2021. "Digital Citizen Science for Responding to COVID-19 Crisis: Experiences from Iran" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189666
APA StyleVahidi, H., Taleai, M., Yan, W., & Shaw, R. (2021). Digital Citizen Science for Responding to COVID-19 Crisis: Experiences from Iran. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189666