Assessing Concerns and Care Needs of Expectant Parents: Development and Feasibility of a Structured Interview
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Instrument
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
User Experience
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Topics | Main Question(s) | Illustrative Examples (such as e.g., ….) |
---|---|---|
1. Summary of period before pregnancy | How was your life before you were pregnant? | We first start with reviewing the period before you were pregnant. What was your life like without children? How was your own childhood? |
2. Pregnancy experience | How do you like being pregnant? | Mood, reactions from others Is your pregnancy planned, desired? How do the people around you react to the news of your pregnancy? Do you notice any contact with your baby already? |
3. Health and lifestyle | How do you think about your own health and lifestyle (now that you are pregnant)? Do you pay attention to that? How do you do that? | Physical growth, healthy diet, exercise, sleep, fever, (chronic or frequent) illnesses, smoking, drinking, drug use How will you integrate these principles after your child has been born/into raising your child? Are there any illnesses that are common in your family? |
4. Looking ahead to giving birth | We look forward to the birth | Expectations, feelings, place where to give birth, preparation, pregnancy gym, yoga or course Who would you like near you while giving birth? Has childcare already been arranged for the other children? Have you thought about how you are going to travel to the hospital? And after childbirth? |
5. Looking ahead to the first days after birth | What do you expect from the maternity period? | Maternity care, living area, day–evening–night rhythm Have you thought about your preference with regard to your child’s nutrition? What preparation did you undertake? What are your preferences with regard to visits from other people? |
6. Looking ahead to raising your child | Do you already have ideas on raising your child? | Crying, regularity, sleeping Are you, as a father and a mother, in agreement on parenting? How was your family upbringing when you were a child? Do you know what to expect from me and my colleagues from the preventive child healthcare services? |
7. Language use of (expectant) parents (if relevant) | Which language(s) do you speak at home? Have you thought about what language you are going to speak with your child? | Choice of sthe poken language, bilingual upbringing Do you experience difficulties reading a brochure in Dutch or with filling out forms? What is your experience with talking to healthcare providers? |
8. Living environment in and outside the home | Do you have any questions or need information about your living environment and the environment outside your home? | Room and opportunity for the child to play, hygiene and safety at home, housing problems, safety or violence in the neighbourhood, discrimination or cohesion in the neighbourhood Do you like the house and the neighborhood where you live? Is this a kid-friendly neighborhood? |
9. Social contacts and informal support | How do you experience the amount and quality of social contacts and informal support? (with respect to your pregnancy and looking ahead to raising your child) | Need for contacts, need for support from others, need someone to share experiences with, need for logistical support Who could you call if you happen to start labor? Do you have any family members that live near you? How is your relationship with them? Does this feel like enough? |
10. Concerns communicated by others | Has anybody (for example, your obstetric care provider, employer, parents, parents in law or neighbor) ever indicated any worries? Note: the nurse can also refer to the reason for their visit. | Do you recognize their worries? How did you respond to their worries? |
11. Family issues | Sometimes, external factors can influence your expectant child. Such as | Health problems from other family members (are you an informal caregiver?), lifestyle of the (expectant) father, addiction, psychiatric problems, relationship problems, financial problems Are you and the (expectant) father of the child happy together? If unmarried, have you thought about steps to undertake in terms of the legal acknowledgement of your child? Does one of you have a job or do you both work? Have you had any financial consequences from the crisis? |
12. Looking at your (own) future | What are your expectations for the future after your child has been born? | Work and/or study, day-care, time for yourself, desire to have more children, role of partner/colleague/friend, sexuality and anticonception * Have you thought about pregnancy/maternity leave? For how long can you take a leave? Will you go back to work afterwards? Have you already thought about how you can fulfill other roles in addition to your mother role? |
13. Forgot something? | Do you have any questions or do you need information on a topic that has not been covered during our conversation? | There might be questions about other child(ren) in the family |
Topics | Parent Concerns | Perceived Need of Support | p-Value * | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parents Assessment * | Professional Assessment * | |||||
Concerned/very Concerned (%) | Information Wanted/Personal Advice/Counselling (%) | Intensive Help/Immediate Intervention Required (%) | Information/Personal Advice/Counselling (%) | Intensive Help/Immediate Intervention Required (%) | Parents vs. Professional | |
Summary of period before pregnancy | 31.9 | 23.9 | 13.0 | 34.9 | 14.0 | 0.34 |
Pregnancy experience | 10.2 | 19.6 | 6.5 | 34.9 | 7.0 | 0.014 |
Health and lifestyle | 6.0 | 25.5 | 2.1 | 43.2 | 0 | 0.13 |
Looking ahead to giving birth | 14.3 | 29.8 | 6.4 | 45.7 | 8.7 | 0.033 |
Looking ahead to the first days after birth | 14.0 | 43.5 | 6.5 | 57.4 | 6.4 | 0.44 |
Looking ahead to raising your child | 2.0 | 37.0 | 2.2 | 73.9 | 2.2 | <0.001 |
Language use | 5.1 | 25.7 | 2.9 | 48.6 | 2.9 | 0.009 |
Living environment (in and outside the home) | 14.0 | 10.6 | 8.5 | 23.9 | 8.7 | 0.014 |
Social contacts and informal support | 8.2 | 17.8 | 2.2 | 31.8 | 2.3 | 0.016 |
Concerns communicated by others | 21.3 | 21.3 | 10.6 | 39.1 | 10.9 | 0.004 |
Family issues | 30.6 | 27.9 | 9.3 | 44.2 | 9.3 | 0.011 |
Looking at your (own) future | 8.5 | 7.0 | 4.7 | 16.3 | 7.0 | 0.034 |
Forget something? | 8.3 | 0 | 23.1 | 0 | 0.100 |
Parent Assessment of Perceived Need of Support | Professional Assessment of Perceived Need of Support | Risk Assessment Professional | Parents with Low Education | Parents Unemployed/Unemployable | Not Two-Parent Household | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parent concerns | 0.53 ** | 0.67 ** | 0.80 ** | 0.48 ** | 0.37 * | 0.27 |
Parent assessment of perceived need of support | 0.60 ** | 0.37 ** | 0.24 | 0.14 | 0.07 | |
Professional assessment of perceived need of support | 0.71** | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.28 | ||
Risk assessment | 0.51 ** | 0.45 ** | 0.41 ** |
Low-Risk Group N(%) | Increased-Risk Group N(%) | High-Risk Group N(%) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Family characteristics | 0.041 | |||
Two-parent household | 14 (93.3) | 14 (77.8) | 5 (45.5) | |
One-parent household | 2 (11.1) | 3 (27.3) | ||
Shared household | 3 (27.3) | |||
Other (foster family/adoption/divorcement/living with grandparents) | 1 (6.7) | 2 (11.1) | 0 | |
Parent characteristics | ||||
Age mother, mean in years (SD) | 28 (SD 6.2) | 25 (SD 2.8) | 29 (SD 6.7) | 0.24 |
Mother age <20 years at birth | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Age father, mean in years (SD) | 30 (SD 7.5) | 26 (SD 3.0) | 30 (SD 4.4) | 0.15 |
Father age <20 years at birth | 0 | 1 (8.3) | 0 | 0.56 |
Ethnicity: non-Dutch mother | 8 (53.3) | 6 (31.6) | 5 (35.7) | 0.42 |
Ethnicity: non-Dutch father | 6 (54.5) | 5 (38.5) | 4 (50.0) | 0.73 |
Language: non-Dutch used at home by the mother | 6 (50.0) | 5 (31.3) | 4 (40.0) | 0.61 |
Language: non-Dutch used at home by the father | 5 (41.7) | 3 (21.4) | 1 (14.3) | 0.36 |
Education Mother | 0.048 | |||
Low | 2 (16.7) | 4 (26.7) | 7 (63.6) | |
Intermediate | 6 (50.0) | 8 (53.3) | 3 (27.3) | |
High | 4 (33.3) | 3 (20.0) | 1 (9.1) | |
Education Father | 0.081 | |||
Low | 4 (30.8) | 5 (38.5) | 7 (77.8) | |
Intermediate | 4 (30.8) | 5 (38.5) | 1 (11.1) | |
High | 5 (38.5) | 3 (23.1) | 1 (11.1) | |
Employment Mother | 0.71 | |||
Employed | 6 (40.0) | 2 (11.1) | 0 | |
Unemployed | 6 (40.0) | 8 (44.4) | 7 (58.3) | |
Unemployable/unable to work | 0 | 4 (22.2) | 2 (16.7) | |
Employment Father | 0.36 | |||
Employed | 10 (66.7) | 14 (82.4) | 3 (27.3) | |
Unemployed | 2 (13.3) | 2 (11.8) | 5 (45.5) | |
Unemployable/unable to work | 0 | 0 | 3 (37.3) |
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van Driessche, A.; van Stel, H.F.; Vink, R.M.; Staal, I.I.E. Assessing Concerns and Care Needs of Expectant Parents: Development and Feasibility of a Structured Interview. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9585. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189585
van Driessche A, van Stel HF, Vink RM, Staal IIE. Assessing Concerns and Care Needs of Expectant Parents: Development and Feasibility of a Structured Interview. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9585. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189585
Chicago/Turabian Stylevan Driessche, Anne, Henk F. van Stel, Remy M. Vink, and Ingrid I. E. Staal. 2021. "Assessing Concerns and Care Needs of Expectant Parents: Development and Feasibility of a Structured Interview" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9585. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189585
APA Stylevan Driessche, A., van Stel, H. F., Vink, R. M., & Staal, I. I. E. (2021). Assessing Concerns and Care Needs of Expectant Parents: Development and Feasibility of a Structured Interview. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9585. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189585