A Half Century of Research on Childhood and Adolescent Depression: Science Mapping the Literature, 1970 to 2019
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Results
3.1. Volume, Growth Trajectory, and Geographic Distribution of the Literature
3.2. Influential Journals, Authors, and Documents
3.2.1. Journal Analysis
3.2.2. Author and Co-Authorship Analysis
3.2.3. Citation and Co-Citation Analysis of Documents
Rank | Document | Topic | Citations a |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Kovacs, M. (1985) [30]. The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) | Depression Inventory | 2432 |
2 | Kovacs, M. (1981) [29]. Rating-scales to assess depression in school-aged children | Depression Inventory | 1604 |
3 | Lewinsohn, P.M., Hops, H., Roberts, R.E., Seeley, J.R., Andrews, J.A. (1993) [41]. Adolescent Psychopathology. 1. Prevalence and Incidence of Depression and Other DSM-III-R Disorders in High-School-Students | Depression Prevalence | 1243 |
4 | Radloff, L.S. (1991) [31]. The Use of The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in Adolescents and Young-Adults | Depression Inventory | 1236 |
5 | Chapman, D.P., Whitfield, C.L., Felitti, V.J., Dube, S.R., Edwards, V.J., Anda, R.F. (2004) [37]. Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood | Childhood Abuse and Depressive Disorders | 1153 |
6 | Pine, D.S., Cohen, P., Gurley, D., Brook, J. (1998) [42]. The risk for early-adulthood anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders | Depression Risk | 1148 |
7 | Angold, A., Costello, E.J., Messer, S.C., Pickles, A. (1995a) [34]. Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents | Depression Inventory | 1127 |
8 | Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D.S., Thapar, A.K. (2012) [1]. Depression in adolescence | Depression Prevalence, Risk and Prevention | 889 |
9 | Chorpita, B.F., Yim, L., Moffitt, C., Umemoto, L.A., Francis, S.E. (2000) [35]. Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children | Depression Inventory | 876 |
10 | Saylor, C.F., Finch, A.J., Spirito, A., Bennett, B. (1984) [32]. The Children’s Depression Inventory-A systematic evaluation of psychometric properties | Depression Inventory | 817 |
11 | Cyranowski, J.M., Frank, E., Young, E., Shear, M.K. (2000) [43]. Adolescent onset of the gender difference in lifetime rates of major depression | Depression Prevalence | 726 |
12 | Emslie, G.J., Rush, A.J., Weinberg, W.A., Kowatch, R.A., Hughes, C.W., Carmody, T., Rintelmann, J. (1997) [44]. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in children and adolescents with depression | Depression Treatment | 708 |
13 | Whittington, C.J., Kendall, T., Fonagy, P., Cottrell, D., Cotgrove, A., Boddington, E. (2004) [45]. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in childhood depression: systematic review of published versus unpublished data | Depression Treatment | 696 |
14 | Nanni, V., Uher, R., Danese, A. (2012) [40]. Childhood maltreatment predicts unfavorable course of illness and treatment outcome in depression | Childhood maltreatment and Depression | 678 |
15 | Danese, A., Moffitt, T.E., Harrington, H., Milne, B.J., Polanczyk, G., Pariante, C.M., Poulton, R., Caspi, A. (2009) [39]. Adverse childhood experiences and adult risk factors for age-related disease depression, inflammation, and clustering of metabolic risk markers | Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depression | 653 |
16 | Widom, C.S., DuMont, K., Czaja, S.J. (2007) [38]. A prospective investigation of major depressive disorder and comorbidity in abused and neglected children grown up | Childhood Abuse and Depressive Disorders | 648 |
17 | Twenge, J.M., Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2002) [36]. Age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and birth cohort differences on the Children’s Depression Inventory | Depression Inventory | 644 |
18 | Smucker, M.R., Craighead, W.E., Craighead, L.W., Green, B.J. (1986) [33]. Normative and reliability data for the Children’s Depression Inventory | Depression Inventory | 621 |
19 | Kovacs, M., Feinberg, T.L., Crousenovak, M.A., Paulauskas, S.L., Finkelstein, R. (1984) [46]. Depressive-disorders in childhood | Psychiatric Status and Characteristics | 585 |
20 | Costello, E.J., Erkanli, A., Angold, A. (2006) [47]. Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression? | Depression Prevalence | 575 |
Rank | Cited Reference | Year | Source | Paper Type | Co-Citations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Radloff, L. S. The CES-D Scale [49]. | 1977 | Applied Psychological Measurement | Con | 1234 |
2 | American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. | 1994 | Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association | --- | 715 |
3 | Kovacs, M., Goldston, D., Obrosky, D.S. Prevalence and predictors of pervasive noncompliance with medical-treatment among youths with insulin-dependent diabetes-mellitus [53]. | 1992 | Journal of The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry | Emp | 493 |
4 | Kaufman, J., et al. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) [54]. | 1997 | Journal of The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry | Emp | 460 |
5 | Beck, A.T., et al. An Inventory for Measuring Depression [48]. | 1961 | Archives of General Psychiatry | Con | 452 |
6 | Hankin, B.L., et al. Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood [55]. | 1998 | Journal of Abnormal Psychology | Emp | 445 |
7 | Baron, R.M., Kenny, D.A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research [50]. | 1986 | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology | Con | 443 |
8 | Kovacs, M. The Childrens Depression, Inventory [30]. | 1985 | Psychopharmacology Bulletin | Con | 417 |
9 | Birmaher, B., et al. Childhood and adolescent depression [17]. | 1996 | Journal of The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry | Rev | 352 |
10 | Kovacs, M. Rating-scales to assess depression in school-aged children [29]. | 1981 | Acta Paedopsychiatrica | Con | 350 |
11 | Hu, L.T., Bentler, P.M. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis [51]. | 1999 | Structural Equation Modeling | Con | 346 |
12 | Goodman, S.H., Gotlib, I.H. Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers [56]. | 1999 | Psychological Review | Con | 345 |
13 | Nolenhoeksema, S., Girgus, J.S. The Emergence of Gender Differences in Depression During Adolescence [16]. | 1994 | Psychological Bulletin | Rev | 299 |
14 | Lovejoy, M.C., Graczyk, P.A., O’Hare, E., Neuman, G. Maternal depression and parenting behavior [57]. | 2000 | Clinical Psychology Review | Rev | 290 |
15 | Lewinsohn, P.M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J.R., Fischer, S.A. Age-Cohort Changes in The Lifetime Occurrence of Depression and Other Mental-Disorders [58]. | 1993 | Journal of Abnormal Psychology | Emp | 289 |
16 | Downey, G. and Coyne, J.C. Children of depressed parents [59]. | 1990 | Psychological Bulletin | Rev | 287 |
17 | Muthen, L. K., Muthen, B. Mplus User Guide [53]. | 1998 | --- | --- | 279 |
18 | West, S.G., Hepworth, J.T. Statistical Issues in The Study of Temporal Data [52]. | 1991 | Journal of Personality | Con | 267 |
19 | Cox, J.L., Holden, J.M., Sagovsky, R. Detection of postnatal depression [60]. | 1987 | British Journal of Psychiatry | Con | 263 |
20 | Saylor, C.F., et al. The Childrens Depression Inventory [32]. | 1984 | Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology | Rev | 254 |
3.3. Research Topics
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Journal Title | Number of Publications | IF a | H-Index | Subject Category of the Journal (2020) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Journal of Affective Disorders | 352 | 5.515 | 59 | Clinical Neurology (Q2) Psychiatry (Q1) |
Journal of The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry | 299 | 10.606 | 95 | Pediatrics (Q1) Psychiatry (Q1) Psychology, Developmental (Q1) |
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology | 240 | 4.836 | 67 | Psychology, Clinical (Q2) Psychology, Developmental (Q1) |
Journal of Youth and Adolescence | 163 | 5.613 | 45 | Psychology, Developmental (Q1) |
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology | 146 | 5.644 | 45 | Psychology, Clinical (Q1) Psychology, Developmental (Q1) |
Journal of Adolescence | 120 | 4.181 | 39 | Psychology, Developmental (Q2) |
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry | 118 | 9.917 | 55 | Psychiatry (Q1) Psychology (Q1) Psychology, Developmental (Q1) |
Development and Psychopathology | 111 | 5.643 | 40 | Psychology, Developmental (Q1) |
Journal of Child and Family Studies | 110 | 2.91 | 18 | Family Studies (Q2) Psychiatry (Q3) Psychology, Developmental (Q3) |
Journal of Abnormal Psychology | 100 | 8.756 | 60 | Psychiatry (Q1) Psychology Clinical (Q1) |
Author | Country/Institute | Active | Citations a | Numbers | Average Citations Per Publication | H-Index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seeley, JR | USA/Oregon Research Institute | 1991–2014 | 8258 | 50 | 165.2 | 40 |
Kovacs, M | USA/University of Pittsburgh | 1981–2019 | 8064 | 47 | 171.77 | 33 |
Lewinsohn, PM | USA/Oregon Research Institute | 1990–2014 | 7864 | 51 | 172.06 | 40 |
Birmaher, B | USA/University of Pittsburgh | 1992–2018 | 6434 | 70 | 91.94 | 44 |
Ryan, ND | USA/University of Pittsburgh | 1986–2019 | 4945 | 56 | 88.32 | 38 |
Pine, DS | USA/National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) | 1998–2019 | 3939 | 20 | 196.95 | 18 |
Emslie, GJ | USA/University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas | 1987–2018 | 3862 | 54 | 71.56 | 31 |
Hammen, C | USA/University of California Los Angeles | 1984–2016 | 3623 | 36 | 100.72 | 31 |
Brent, DA | USA/University of Pittsburgh | 1987–2018 | 3619 | 42 | 86.31 | 32 |
Garber, J | USA/Vanderbilt University | 1980–2019 | 3603 | 44 | 82.02 | 28 |
Cole, DA | USA/Vanderbilt University | 1986–2019 | 3527 | 49 | 71.98 | 33 |
Klein, DN | USA/State University of New York Stony Brook | 1994–2019 | 3327 | 48 | 69.33 | 27 |
Dahl, RE | USA/University of California Berkeley | 1990–2019 | 3109 | 41 | 75.83 | 28 |
Weissman, MM | USA/Columbia University | 1980–2019 | 3005 | 26 | 115.58 | 21 |
Wagner, KD | USA/University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston | 1993–2014 | 2902 | 35 | 86.46 | 23 |
Hankin, BL | USA/University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign | 2001–2019 | 2775 | 37 | 72.92 | 24 |
Asarnow, JR | USA/University of California Los Angeles | 1985–2019 | 2757 | 43 | 64.98 | 26 |
McCauley, E | USA/University of Washington | 1988–2017 | 2625 | 42 | 62.50 | 27 |
Thapar, A | England/Cardiff University | 1994–2019 | 2257 | 38 | 60.68 | 20 |
Compas, BE | USA/Vanderbilt University | 1993–2019 | 2229 | 32 | 67.88 | 19 |
Name | Simple Description | References |
---|---|---|
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) | A widely used instrument of 20-item instrument to measure anxiety symptoms. | Speilberger, 1973 [82] |
Children’s Depression Scale (CDS) | A commonly used instrument of 66-item instrument to measure child depression in psycho-educational and clinical spheres. | Lang and Tisher, 1978 [83] |
Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) | A 17-item instrument designed to measure severity of depression in children aged 6 to 12 years. Total score ranges from 17 to 113. 40 or more presents a major depressive disorder. | Poznanski et al., 1979, 1984, 1985 [13,84,85] |
Peer Nomination Inventory of Depression (PNID) | A well-developed peer-report instrument with 19 items rating depression, happiness, and popularity | Lefkowitz & Tesiny, 1980 [86] |
Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) | A 20-item rating scale ranging from 0 to 3, a general measure of current childhood psychopathology | Weissman et al., 1980 [87] |
Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRSC) | An 18-item self-report questionnaire used to measure the depression status of the children. | Birleson, 1981 [88] |
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) | A caregiver-completed and widely utilized questionnaire consists of 20 social competence items and 118 behavior problems items. | Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1981 [89] |
Child Behavior Checklist-Teacher Report Form (CBCL-T) | A 120-item standardized teacher rating scale assessing social competence and behavior problems in children and adolescents | Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1986 [90] |
Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) | A widely used self-report measure of 27-item measure designed for school-age children and adolescents. Total score ranges from 0 to 54. | Kovacs, 1985, 1992 [30,91] |
Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) | A 37-item self-report measure that provides an estimate of a child’s level and degree of experienced anxiety. | Reynolds & Richmond, 1985 [92] |
Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS) | A 30-item scale used to assess the severity of depressive symptomatology in adolescent populations. | Reynolds, 1986 [93] |
Reynolds Child Depression Scale (RCDS) | A 30-item scale designed to assess depressive symptomatology in children between the ages of 8 and 12 years. | Reynolds, 1989 [94] |
Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) | A brief, easy-to-administer, self-report measure of childhood and adolescent depression | Angold et al., 1995a [34] |
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA) | A semistructured interview designed for use by clinicians or highly trained lay persons to assess 9-to 17-year-olds. | Angold et al., 1995b [95]; Angold et al., 2000 [96] |
Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) | A 45-item scale with 38 items designed to assess children’s report of anxiety symptoms and 7 items designed to assess social desirability. | Spence, 1997 [97] |
Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) | An interviewer-based schedule designed for assessing and diagnosing episodes of psychopathology in youngsters. | Kaufman et al., 1997 [54] |
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C) | A 20-item self-report measure consisting of two scales: Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA). | Crook et al., 1998 [98] |
Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA) | A respondent-based interview schedule for youngsters aged 6 to 17 years that can be administered either by clinicians or by lay interviewers. | Reich, 2000 [99] |
Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-IV) | An instrument designed to address more than 30 psychiatric diagnoses that occur in children and adolescents | Shaffer et al., 2000 [100] |
Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scales (RCADS) | A 47-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess for clinical syndromes in youth. | Chorpita et al., 2000 [35] |
Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS) | An 11-item, self-report instrument designed to aid in diagnosis and monitoring the change in the severity of symptoms during the course of treatment. | Brooks & Kutcher, 2001 [101] |
Children’s Thought Questionnaire (CTQ) | A 60-item scale designed to assess children’s self-reported anxious, depressive, and positive thoughts. | Marien and Bell, 2004 [102] |
Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale for Children (DAS-C) | A 22-item self-report measure with sound psychometric properties. | D’Alessandro and Burton, 2006 [103] |
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Zhou, M.; Bian, B.; Zhu, W.; Huang, L. A Half Century of Research on Childhood and Adolescent Depression: Science Mapping the Literature, 1970 to 2019. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9524. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189524
Zhou M, Bian B, Zhu W, Huang L. A Half Century of Research on Childhood and Adolescent Depression: Science Mapping the Literature, 1970 to 2019. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9524. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189524
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Mi, Biyu Bian, Weiming Zhu, and Li Huang. 2021. "A Half Century of Research on Childhood and Adolescent Depression: Science Mapping the Literature, 1970 to 2019" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9524. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189524