U.S. Adolescents’ Diet Consumption Patterns Differ between Grocery and Convenience Stores: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics
2.2.2. Dietary Intake
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Adolescents | Weighted Proportion of Foods and Beverages Consumed by Food Stores 2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
n 3 | Weighted % (SE) | Grocery Stores % (SE) | Convenience Stores % (SE) | |
Total | 4235 | 60.9 (0.8) | 4.2 (0.3) | |
Age (mean (SE)) | 4235 | 15.4 (2.0) | ||
12–15 | 1906 | 43.2 (1.1) | 64.0 (1.0) | 3.5 (0.4) |
16–19 | 2329 | 56.8 (1.1) | 58.5 (1.0) | 4.8 (0.4) |
Sex | ||||
Male | 2149 | 50.3 (1.3) | 61.4 (1.2) | 4.9 (0.4) |
Female | 2086 | 49.7 (1.3) | 60.3 (1.1) | 3.6 (0.3) |
Race/ethnicity | ||||
NH Asian | 490 | 5.0 (0.5) | 65.1 (2.3) | 4.0 (1.6) |
NH Black | 1046 | 14.0 (1.5) | 59.5 (1.4) | 6.0 (0.6) |
NH White | 1137 | 52.6 (2.6) | 61.4 (1.2) | 3.7 (0.4) |
Mexican American | 879 | 15.8 (1.7) | 59.1 (1.4) | 4.5 (0.4) |
Other Hispanic | 416 | 7.4 (0.8) | 61.6 (2.5) | 4.1 (0.7) |
Other/multiracial | 267 | 5.1 (0.6) | 59.2 (2.4) | 5.2 (1.0) |
PIR status | ||||
Low (<3.0) | 2806 | 64.0 (2.1) | 59.6 (1.0) | 5.0 (0.4) |
High (≥3.0) | 1055 | 36.0 (2.1) | 62.3 (1.6) | 3.1 (0.5) |
Food Groups | Weighted Proportion | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Grocery Stores % (SE) | Convenience Stores % (SE) | OR 1 (95% CI) | p Value 2 | |
Beverages | 12.3 (0.3) | 28.2 (1.7) | 2.6 (2.2–3.1) | <0.001 |
Snacks and Sweets | 14.1 (0.4) | 30.0 (1.8) | 2.4 (1.9–2.9) | <0.001 |
Grains | 12.3 (0.3) | 5.2 (0.7) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | <0.001 |
Mixed Dishes | 8.0 (0.3) | 5.3 (0.7) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 0.003 |
Protein Foods | 10.2 (0.3) | 5.0 (0.9) | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | <0.001 |
Milk and Dairy | 11.6 (0.3) | 6.7 (1.1) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 0.002 |
Vegetables | 7.7 (0.3) | 3.9 (0.9) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.006 |
Condiments and Sauces | 4.2 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.4) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.002 |
Fruits | 4.5 (0.3) | 2.3 (0.5) | 0.4 (0.3–0.7) | <0.001 |
Fats and Oils | 4.0 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.6) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.050 |
Nutrients | Weighted Means (SE) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Grocery Stores | Convenience Stores | p Value 1 | |
Energy (kcal) | 172.19 (2.71) | 197.38 (10.05) | 0.005 |
Energy/total daily energy (kcal/100 kcal) | 8.70 (0.16) | 9.38 (0.37) | 0.075 |
Protein (g/100 kcal) | 3.69 (0.04) | 2.17 (0.18) | <0.001 |
Carbohydrates (g/100 kcal) | 14.81 (0.08) | 16.86 (0.28) | <0.001 |
Fat (g/100 kcal) | 3.21 (0.03) | 2.85 (0.08) | <0.001 |
Saturated Fat (g/100 kcal) | 1.10 (0.01) | 0.92 (0.04) | <0.001 |
Total Sugar (g/100 kcal) | 7.98 (0.07) | 10.78 (0.35) | <0.001 |
Added sugar (g/100 kcal) | 4.31 (0.08) | 8.69 (0.47) | <0.001 |
Sodium (mg/100 kcal) | 225.65 (5.17) | 201.64 (31.02) | <0.001 |
Fiber (g/100 kcal) | 1.21 (0.03) | 0.65 (0.08) | <0.001 |
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Setiono, F.J.; Gangrade, N.; Leak, T.M. U.S. Adolescents’ Diet Consumption Patterns Differ between Grocery and Convenience Stores: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8474. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168474
Setiono FJ, Gangrade N, Leak TM. U.S. Adolescents’ Diet Consumption Patterns Differ between Grocery and Convenience Stores: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(16):8474. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168474
Chicago/Turabian StyleSetiono, Felicia J., Navika Gangrade, and Tashara M. Leak. 2021. "U.S. Adolescents’ Diet Consumption Patterns Differ between Grocery and Convenience Stores: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8474. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168474