Assessment of the Frequency of Sweetened Beverages Consumption among Adults in Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Respondents
3.2. Consumption Results
- in the 45–59 age range as well as in the oldest age group, isotonic drinks are consumed relatively rarely 48.3% and 39.9% of the respondents, respectively, declared that they never drink such beverages;
- the highest percentage of people who regularly consume such beverages (minimum once a week) can be observed in the 30–44 (23.4%) and 18–29 (16.0%) age groups.
- still, fruit drinks– beverages of such type were consumed more frequently by respondents with lower secondary or secondary education (8.8%);
- carbonated, fruit drinks–most consumed by respondents with secondary (5.7%) and lower secondary education (4.6%). Consumers with higher education drink such beverages less frequently (2.0%);
- flavored waters, energy, and isotonic drinks, the statistical significance was confirmed by means of analyzing the education structure of the respondents using the chi-square independence test (Table 2). However, Figure 2 as well as Table 2 shows small differences resulting from differences in the level of education. Consumers with higher education drink flavored water significantly less frequently—in the case of comparing their everyday consumption, only 1.3% of the consumers with higher education declared that they drink them every day. For comparison, in the case of consumers who completed secondary education, the percentage was 8.0%, and with lower than education it amounted to 7.2%. Energy drinks are consumed more frequently by people with lower than secondary education (5.1% of the respondents) and decidedly less often by people with higher education (2.1% of the respondents). Analogically, the dependence was observed in the case of isotonic drinks. People with higher education drink such beverages less frequently (1.3%) than people with lower than secondary education (3.4%).
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N | (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Gender | women | 240 | 48.0 |
men | 260 | 52.0 | |
Age | 18 to 29 | 87 | 17.4 |
30 to 44 | 149 | 29.8 | |
45 to 59 | 116 | 23.2 | |
over 60 | 148 | 29.6 | |
Education | lower than secondary | 175 | 35.0 |
secondary | 176 | 35.2 | |
high | 149 | 29.8 | |
Material status | lives very well, can afford some luxury | 12 | 2.4 |
lives well, is able to afford a lot without saving | 155 | 31.0 | |
lives on an average level, can afford the day to day life but has to save to make bigger purchases | 293 | 58.6 | |
lives moderately, has to save on an everyday basis | 32 | 6.4 | |
lives very poorly, lacks funds to sustain the basic needs | 5 | 1.0 | |
hard to say | 3 | 0.6 |
Flavoured Water (p-Value 0.002) [%] | Energy Drinks (p-Value 0.045) [%] | Isotonic Drinks (p-Value 0.003) [%] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Education | Lower than Secondary | Secondary | High | Lower than Secondary | Secondary | High | Lower than Secondary | Secondary | High |
Every day or almost every day | 7.4 | 8.0 | 1.3 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 1.3 |
3–4 times a week | 17.7 | 11.9 | 12.1 | 10.3 | 2.8 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 6.8 | 2.7 |
1–2 a week | 13.7 | 21.6 | 24.8 | 14.3 | 11.9 | 10.7 | 11.4 | 6.8 | 10.1 |
Few times a month | 23.4 | 13.1 | 20.1 | 13.7 | 14.8 | 16.1 | 14.3 | 11.4 | 13.4 |
Sporadically (occasionally. less than once a month) | 22.3 | 34.1 | 30.9 | 28.0 | 30.1 | 39.6 | 40.0 | 26.7 | 43.0 |
Never | 15.4 | 11.4 | 10.7 | 28.6 | 36.4 | 26.8 | 26.9 | 46.6 | 29.5 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 a | 0.1128 | 0.2903 | 0.2399 | 0.2103 | 0.1349 | 0.1004 | 0.0877 | 0.1180 | |||
2 | 0.3052 | 0.2045 | 0.2449 | 0.2344 | 0.2037 | 0.3475 | 0.3444 | 0.1993 | 0.2090 | ||
3 | 0.4577 | 0.3772 | 0.4650 | 0.5615 | 0.5306 | 0.4484 | 0.3785 | 0.3368 | |||
4 | 0.4923 | 0.5472 | 0.5163 | 0.3960 | 0.3817 | 0.2951 | 0.2562 | ||||
5 | 0.4676 | 0.3287 | 0.3268 | 0.2365 | 0.3322 | 0.3958 | |||||
6 | 0.5920 | 0.4725 | 0.4178 | 0.3937 | 0.3613 | ||||||
7 | 0.5775 | 0.48148 | 0.4013 | 0.3436 | |||||||
8 | 0.7528 | 0.5113 | 0.4089 | ||||||||
9 | 0.5288 | 0.4365 | |||||||||
10 | 0.7085 | ||||||||||
11 |
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Piekara, A.; Krzywonos, M. Assessment of the Frequency of Sweetened Beverages Consumption among Adults in Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 7029. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137029
Piekara A, Krzywonos M. Assessment of the Frequency of Sweetened Beverages Consumption among Adults in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(13):7029. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137029
Chicago/Turabian StylePiekara, Agnieszka, and Małgorzata Krzywonos. 2021. "Assessment of the Frequency of Sweetened Beverages Consumption among Adults in Poland" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 7029. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137029