Chronological Age, Somatic Maturation and Anthropometric Measures: Association with Physical Performance of Young Male Judo Athletes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Anthropometric Measures
2.3. Biological Maturation
2.4. Physical Performance
2.5. Procedures
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Range | Mean | sd | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum | Maximum | Value | 95%CI | ||
Chronological age (years) | 11.01 | 14.70 | 12.54 | 12.30 to 12.78 | 0.99 |
APAS (%) | 77.0 | 94.0 | 84.4 | 83.2 to 85.5 | 4.7 |
Body mass (kg) | 27.6 | 79.6 | 47.6 | 44.7 to 50.5 | 11.2 |
Body fat mass (kg) | 2.1 | 34.4 | 9.6 | 8.0 to 11.1 | 6.3 |
Body fat-free mass (kg) | 25.5 | 65.1 | 38.0 | 36.1 to 39.9 | 7.8 |
Stature (cm) | 134.8 | 176.5 | 154.0 | 151.6 to 156.4 | 9.9 |
Sitting height (cm) | 71.5 | 93.2 | 80.0 | 78.8 to 81.2 | 5.1 |
Arm span (cm) | 133.0 | 180.0 | 154.1 | 151.5 to 156.7 | 10.8 |
Superior members length (cm) | 36.2 | 70.8 | 60.2 | 58.9 to 61.5 | 5.4 |
Hand length (cm) | 14.1 | 21.3 | 16.9 | 16.5 to 17.2 | 1.5 |
Inferior members length (cm) | 60.3 | 85.5 | 74.0 | 72.7 to 75.4 | 5.5 |
Foot length (cm) | 20.1 | 29.0 | 24.4 | 24.0 to 24.9 | 2.0 |
Arm circumference (cm) | 19.0 | 36.0 | 25.3 | 24.5 to 26.1 | 3.3 |
Calf circumference (cm) | 27.0 | 40.1 | 32.6 | 31.8 to 33.4 | 3.3 |
Pacer test (m) | 140 | 1740 | 757 | 680 to 835 | 318 |
Line-drill test (sec) * | 30.09 | 46.60 | 36.14 | 35.36 to 36.92 | 3.20 |
Agility 10 × 5 shuttle run (sec) * | 15.88 | 26.25 | 19.44 | 18.93 to 19.96 | 2.12 |
60-s sit-ups (count) | 15 | 61 | 41 | 39 to 44 | 10 |
2-kg ball throw (m) | 3.19 | 8.79 | 5.22 | 4.93 to 5.52 | 1.22 |
Standing long jump (m) | 1.12 | 5.65 | 1.69 | 1.55 to 1.83 | 0.57 |
Hand grip strength (kgf) | 14.0 | 40.0 | 24.8 | 23.4 to 26.2 | 5.8 |
Independent Variables | Dependent Variables (Physical Tests Performance) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pacer Test (m) | Line-Drill test (s) + | Agility 10 × 5 Shuttle Run (s) + | 60-s Sit-Ups (n) | 2-kg Ball Throw (m) | Stand Long Jump (m) | Handgrip Strength (kg) | |
Maturational indicator | |||||||
Age | 0.41 ** (0.21; 0.59) | −0.45 *** (−0.61; −0.24) | −0.25 * (−0.48; 0.02) | 0.15 (−0.07; 0.37) | 0.63 *** (0.42; 0.80) | 0.47 *** (0.25; 0.67) | 0.52 *** (0.29; 0.68) |
APAS (%) | 0.39 ** (0.18; 0.57) | −0.41 ** (−0.58; −0.21) | −0.19 (−0.43; 0.12) | 0.06 (−0.20; 0.30) | 0.68 *** (0.47; 0.83) | 0.47 *** (0.24; 0.68) | 0.65 *** (0.49; 0.77) |
Anthropometry | |||||||
Body mass (kg) | −0.07 (−0.29; 0.19) | 0.02 (−0.22; 0.21) | −0.10 (−0.14; 0.33) | −0.09 (−0.32; 0.17) | 0.66 *** (0.48; 0.79) | 0.10 (−0.14; 0.34) | 0.66 *** (0.49; 0.78) |
Body fat mass (kg) | −0.41 ** (−0.56; −0.19) | 0.40 ** (0.16; 0.57) | 0.32 ** (0.05; 0.53) | −0.27 * (−0.50; 0.03) | 0.22 (0.01; 0.42) | −0.31 * (−0.50; −0.10) | 0.26 * (0.01; 0.46) |
Body fat-free mass (kg) | 0.23 (0.04; 0.42) | −0.29 * (−0.46; −0.14) | −0.11 (−0.34; 0.10) | 0.08 (−0.16; 0.32) | 0.82 *** (0.71; 0.89) | 0.40 ** (0.15; 0.61) | 0.78 *** (0.66; 0.86) |
Stature (cm) | 0.25 * (0.06; 0.43) | −0.34 ** (−0.48; −0.17) | −0.19 (−0.40; 0.04) | 0.05 (−0.22; 0.31) | 0.71 *** (0.55; 0.82) | 0.37 ** (0.16; 0.57) | 0.73 *** (0.61; 0.82) |
Sitting height (cm) | 0.20 (−0.02; 0.40) | −0.25 * (−0.40; −0;07) | −0.14 (−0.31; 0.06) | 0.05 (−0.20; 0.30) | 0.69 *** (0.51; 0.82) | 0.33 ** (0.13; 0.52) | 0.71 *** (0.54; 0.82) |
Arm span (cm) | 0.16 (−0.02; 0.37) | −0.34 ** (−0.50; −0.18) | −0.21 (−0.43; 0.01) | 0.11 (−0.16; 0.34) | 0.73 *** (0.60; 0.82) | 0.52 ** (0.13; 0.55) | 0.70 *** (0.56; 0.81 |
Superior members length (cm) | 0.13 (−0.08; 0.38) | −0.30 * (−0.54; −0.08)’ | −0.26 * (−0.45; −0.10) | −0.01 (−0.23; 0.24) | 0.58 *** (0.38; 0.78) | 0.40 ** (0.19; 0.59) | 0.56 *** (0.35; 0.79) |
Hand length (cm) | 0.38 ** (0.20; 0.55) | −0.31 * (−0.45; −0.16) | −0.15 (−0.35; 0.07) | 0.31 * (0.10; 0.55) | 0.55 *** (0.29; 0.74) | 0.28 * (0.02; 0.53) | 0.53 *** (0.29; 0.72) |
Inferior members length (cm) | 0.27 * (0.09; 0.44) | −0.38 ** (−0.53; −0.20) | −0.21 (−0.43; 0.04) | 0.04 (−0.21; 0.29) | 0.64 *** (0.48; 0.75) | 0.36 ** (0.14; 0.55) | 0.66 *** (0.55; 0.77) |
Foot length (cm) | 0.26 * (0.08; 0.46) | −0.22 (−0.40; −0.04) | −0.15 (−0.36; 0.09) | 0.28 * (0.05; 0.51) | 0.49 *** (0.26; 0.70) | 0.21 (−0.01; 0.44) | 0.50 *** (0.29; 0.69) |
Arm circumference (cm) | −0.09 (−0.30; 0.13) | 0.03 (−0.20; 0.24) | 0.12 (−0.14; 0.36) | −0.05 (−0.28; 0.19) | 0.66 *** (0.48; 0.78) | 0.12 (−0.15; 0.35) | 0.57 *** (0.37; 0.71) |
Calf circumference (cm) | −0.15 (−0.37; 0.09) | 0.06 (−0.18; 0.25) | 0.16 (−0.09; 0.39) | −0.16 (−0.38; 0.12) | 0.57 *** (0.38; 0.72) | 0.01 (−0,22; 0.25) | 0.53 *** (0.35; 0.68) |
Physical Test | Multilinear Regression Models | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | R2 | p | Independent Variables | β | p | |
Pacer Test (m) | Model 1 | 0.168 | 0.001 | Age | 0.410 | 0.001 * |
Model 2 | 0.171 | 0.637 | Age | 0.307 | 0.215 | |
APAS | 0.116 | 0.637 | ||||
Model 3 | 0.446 | <0.001 | Age | 0.127 | 0.553 | |
APAS | 0.254 | 0.330 | ||||
Body fat mass | −0.507 | <0.001 * | ||||
Hand length | 0.262 | 0.046 * | ||||
Inferior members length | −0.037 | 0.816 | ||||
Line-drill test (s) + | Model 1 | 0.199 | <0.001 | Age | −0.446 | <0.001 * |
Model 2 | 0.200 | 0.753 | Age | −0.379 | 0.120 | |
APAS | −0.076 | 0.753 | ||||
Model 3 | 0.476 | <0.001 | Age | −0.326 | 0.124 | |
APAS | 0.040 | 0.876 | ||||
Body fat mass | 0.536 | <0.001 * | ||||
Arm span | −0.267 | 0.152 | ||||
Inferior members length | −0.118 | 0.533 | ||||
Agility 10 × 5 shuttle run (s) + | Model 1 | 0.062 | 0.042 | Age | −0.250 | 0.042 * |
Model 2 # | - | - | Age | - | - | |
APAS | - | - | ||||
Model 3 | 0.243 | 0.002 | Age | −0.365 | 0.145 | |
APAS | 0.213 | 0.436 | ||||
Body fat mass | 0.360 | 0.003 * | ||||
Superior members length | −0.290 | 0.034 * |
Physical Test | Multilinear Regression Models | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | R2 | p | Independent Variables | β | p | |
60-s sit-ups (count) | Model 1 # | Age | ||||
Model 2 # | Age | |||||
APAS | ||||||
Model 3 | 0.239 | 0.003 | Age | 0.359 | 0.147 | |
APAS | −0.442 | 0.102 | ||||
Hand length | 0.296 | 0.236 | ||||
Foot length | 0.157 | 0.493 | ||||
Body fat mass | −0.295 | 0.016 * | ||||
2-kg ball throw (m) | Model 1 | 0.399 | <0.001 | Age | 0.632 | <0.001 * |
Model 2 | 0.463 | 0.008 | Age | 0.150 | 0.450 | |
APAS | 0.544 | 0.008 * | ||||
Model 3 | 0.716 | <0.001 | Age | 0.402 | 0.011 * | |
APAS | −0.239 | 0.235 | ||||
Body fat-free mass | 0.747 | <0.001 * | ||||
Arm span | 0.250 | 0.130 | ||||
Stature | −0.238 | 0.210 | ||||
Stand long jump (m) | Model 1 | 0.286 | <0.001 | Age | 0.535 | <0.001* |
Model 2 | 0.317 | 0.093 | Age | 0.199 | 0.374 | |
APAS | 0.379 | 0.093 | ||||
Model 3 | 0.375 | 0.143 | Age | 0.274 | 0.233 | |
APAS | 0.208 | 0.464 | ||||
Arm span | −0.213 | 0.336 | ||||
Body fat-free mass | 0.114 | 0.615 | ||||
Superior members length | 0.318 | 0.034 * | ||||
Handgrip Strength (kg) | Model 1 | 0.270 | <0.001 | Age | 0.520 | <0.001 * |
Model 2 | 0.444 | <0.001 | Age | −0.275 | 0.175 | |
APAS | 0.897 | <0.001 * | ||||
Model 3 | 0.790 | <0.001 | Age | −0.044 | 0.805 | |
APAS | 0.146 | 0.526 | ||||
Body fat-free mass | 0.626 | 0.001 * | ||||
Stature | 0.194 | 0.435 | ||||
Sitting height | −0.113 | 0.632 |
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Giudicelli, B.B.; Luz, L.G.O.; Sogut, M.; Sarmento, H.; Massart, A.G.; Júnior, A.C.; Field, A.; Figueiredo, A.J. Chronological Age, Somatic Maturation and Anthropometric Measures: Association with Physical Performance of Young Male Judo Athletes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126410
Giudicelli BB, Luz LGO, Sogut M, Sarmento H, Massart AG, Júnior AC, Field A, Figueiredo AJ. Chronological Age, Somatic Maturation and Anthropometric Measures: Association with Physical Performance of Young Male Judo Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(12):6410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126410
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiudicelli, Bruno B., Leonardo G. O. Luz, Mustafa Sogut, Hugo Sarmento, Alain G. Massart, Arnaldo C. Júnior, Adam Field, and António J. Figueiredo. 2021. "Chronological Age, Somatic Maturation and Anthropometric Measures: Association with Physical Performance of Young Male Judo Athletes" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126410